Friday, December 27, 2019

OUTLINE OF ORGANIZATION CULTURE CHANGE IN A CROSS-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2450 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Most of the scholars agree that the field of management must be viewed in a broad perspective because of the environmental influence on management practices. The cross-cultural study of management involves the study of management cultural variables, which tend to have an impact on management practices in different cultures. Managing and organizing are culturally dependent because they do not consist of making or moving tangible objectives, but of manipulating symbols which have meaning to the people who are managed (Clark, 1998). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "OUTLINE OF ORGANIZATION CULTURE CHANGE IN A CROSS-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT" essay for you Create order Studies in the area of corporate culture seem to indicate that the success of many organizations is related to having a strong culture within the organization. Such a culture provides a foundation for the policies and practices of that particular organization. William Ouchi identifies the following as the features of Z type (a hybrid between American and Japanese type of organizations) of organizations: A place for criticism and honesty Trust, friendship and working together Teamwork Management by walking around Valuing people as resources (Ouchi, 1982). McKinsey presented a framework based on the idea that any management strategy, in order to be successfully implemented, must fit the culture of the organization. The seven variables listed in the framework are: Strategy Structure Systems Style Staff Shared values Skills (Waterman, 1982). The 7-s framework views corporate culture as a function of Seven Variables. If a Strategy of an orga nization fails or run into a problem, it is because the strategy doesnt fit one or more of the seven variables. All the above-mentioned variables are interrelated to each other. While the staff variable refers to people in the organization, skills refer to their capabilities. The style variable is the way management acts and behaves. Shared values are the beliefs commonly shared by many people in the organization. While the structure provides authority-responsibility relationship, systems indicate the processes, procedures, and flows involved in getting things done. The strategy relates to the way to shape the corporate culture. A better understanding of the mechanics and dynamics of an organization can be achieved through the culture that prevails in an organization. The term culture has been borrowed from anthropology where there is no consensus on its meaning. Just as societies have their own culture, corporations as entities also have their own culture. Culture is the collect ion of common views, expectations and beliefs of the members of the organizations. The values, beliefs and norms usually involve the following aspects: The basic goals of organization The preferred means by which those goals should be attained The role responsibilities assigned to each member in the organization The behavior patterns required to perform roles A set of rules or principles which relates to the preserving of organizational identity as well as integrity These values and norms which constitute corporate culture are not in writing but are understood by all the members of the organization. Even the newcomers to the organization get to know them either through formal training programs and orientations or from their peers. When members of an organization share the same values, they will become more cohesive and committed to their goals. Such commitment is essential for better performance and productivity improvement. Although it is not visible, corporate cu lture still exists and influences people and activities in organizations. Deal and Kennedy, in addition to values and norms, include heroes, rites and rituals as part of corporate culture (Deal and Kennedy, 1982). The rites, rituals and heroes are some ways of reinforcing desired behaviors and expectations among the members of an organization. Donnelly goes one step further by including ethics, life styles and to a great extent the personality of the chief executive as the elements which foster corporate culture (Donnelly, 1984). The Corporate culture can be summed up as a way of doing things in an organization, which is developed and fostered over a period of time through various socialization processes, some of which are formal processes while others are informal. Changing Corporate Culture Even in the most stable environments, change is a constant, no matter how slight. Change is any alteration of the organizations current situation. Creativity, the process by which n ovel ideas are generated or innovation, the transformation of creative ideas are all different forms of change. In this report, we will discuss change from the perspective of corporate culture One of the major questions raised in the area of corporate culture is: Is it possible to change corporate culture in an organization? People have conflicting views about it. Some contend that the culture in an organization is strongly imbedded and therefore it may be impossible to change. At the most, only a few modifications can be made as long as they dont affect the core of the existing culture. They may illustrate their point by citing some cases where the new Chief Executive failed to change the culture when he and his teammates took over the corporation and wanted to revamp it. On the other hand, there are those who believe that culture within a corporation can be changed. The organizations, which made a turnaround in their business, are cited as examples. For instance, an American electronics company was loosing money. The Japanese took over, introduced new values and new ways of doing things and the company made a turnaround in three years. According to Schwartz and Davis (1981) the successful implementation of major strategic shifts in any company depends to a great extent on how the organization combines its culture with changes in organizational structure, its systems and people to produce desired behavior. Changing corporate culture is a serious issue. A great deal of care and a well thought out plan must be utilized in this process. Ill founded assumptions, carelessness, and taking things for granted in changing corporate culture may have disastrous consequences on the organization, ranging from subtle protests to open revolt. Through such cultural changes, organizations lose their best people to competitors, productivity declines, and a poor image will be created for the organization. Thus, the whole survival of the organization maybe threatened by rushing to change corporate culture. Short and Ferratt (1984) suggest that in changing corporate culture, the focus should be on work units. Instead of trying to change values and beliefs first with the assumptions that work unit behaviors would follow, work unit, culture must be changed first. The behaviors, which establish and maintain the culture of work units, are: job enrichment, employee involvement, targeting behavior, reinforcing behavior, attending to production and attending to interpersonal relations. Managing Corporate Culture is not simple. It requires constant assessments and monitoring by examining the external and internal environment. Such examination would reveal the nature of changes that are anticipated or are taking place in these environments. These changes may force the organization to adapt or modify their corporate culture according to the demands of the environment. A relaxed attitude on the part of the managers who believe they have a strong culture built over the years to enable them to cope with any kind of situation is risky. Uttal asserts that a static culture means a continuation of old, inefficient ways (Uttal, 1982). Multicultural Organizations Every company has its own individuality in the market; this individuality or the isolated quality can be taken as its competitive advantage. Competitive advantage of the company is something on what company is far ahead from it competitors. The company, having a diverse workforce, is bound to have its impact on the effectiveness of the organization as well as on the career growth of an individual. One of the most important advantages of having a multicultural or diverse workforce is to attract the best available talent towards the organization. Such organization, which does not show any prejudice in recruiting, retaining and promoting the employees from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds easily gain competitive advantage and become able to sustain highest caliber of human resources (Adler, 1991). Different studies have proved that organizations having diverse workforce and multicultural environment usually display better problem solving ability (Adler, 1991). Due to their multicultural workforce such organizations are more capable to understand the problem with different perspectives, meanings and interpretations and hence have more capability to solve problems. Organizations need continuity, which can be achieved only through some change of adaptability and self-renewal. Multicultural organizations are designed specifically to find, accept, and use new ideas and so they are more able to adapt change and show more organizational flexibility. Different studies depicted that women possess higher tolerance for ambiguity than men (Rotter OConnell, 1982), similarly bilingual people possess more cognitive flexibility than monolingual (Lambert, 1977). Thus diverse workforce is an asset for the organizations while adapting change. It can eas ily be summed up that having a diverse workforce and its proper management provides a number of advantages to the organizations. Manage diversity well are more likely to gain competitive advantages, attain increased productivity from available human resources, and reduce the inter-group conflict cost (Triandis, Kurowski, and Gelfand, 1994, p. 775). But at the same time, too much diversity in the workforce may also cause ambiguity and confusion. Multicultural organizations sometimes find it difficult to reach to a single, unanimous decision because of the diversity in its workforce (Gannon, 2004). Due to the presence of people from different cultural backgrounds, there is a chance of cultural clashes between the people of different cultures. There is also a chance that majority group members may create obstacles for minority group member to take full participation. If such clashes cannot be handled and managed by the leaders then the organization may suffer ineffectiveness, les s productivity and absenteeism of the employees (Adler, 1991). If there is communication gap between a culturally diverse team then there is a chance that a homogenous group may outperform this culturally diverse group. Multicultural organizations require extensive trainings to overcome the communication barrier otherwise it will not perform up to their potential (House and Javidan, 2004). Managing Corporate Culture in Multicultural Organizations Globalization is the process of expanding global preferences in cultural, environmental, political, social and economical issues. The key economic characteristic of globalization is the free movement of goods throughout the world (Schaeffer, 2003). Diversity and Globalization in the new economy and the present business situation has produced a work force made up of people all around the world. They have different life experiences, perspectives, preferences, values and style. This diversity of work force is reshaping and rewriting the way of doing business (Dorfman, Hanges and Brodbeck, 2004). According to the Statistics the people filling jobs in the 2000s had a different racial and gender makeup than past employees. Native white males made up 47% of employees in 1989 but will constitute only 15% of new entrants. In the year 2000 Hispanic accounted for almost 28 percent of labor force growth and blacks about 17 percent. White women provided about 42 percent of labor force growth . Statistics have further depicted that by the year 2012 almost one-fifth of the total US workforce will be of 55 years or older (US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1998). Hamilton has said that, The great challenge facing the nation is to prepare a changing population to do new kinds of work. Failure imperils economic health, social progress, and democracy itself. (Hamilton, 1990; p.1). This trend of workforce diversity compelled leaders of multi-cultural organizations to adapt the changes with special recruiting programs targeted towards these groups and organizational changes to accommodate their needs. Day-care centers, special benefit packages and language training have all become the part of the inducements to employees (Grisham and Walker, 2005). In the present decade, the environment for organizations has changed radically (Olsen JinLin, 1997). In the past, leaders usually emphasized on the internal affairs of the management but the changing environment requires them to e mphasize more on externally oriented affairs. Many scholars are of the opinion that diversity in organizations is a source of strength if used properly otherwise it creates ethnic and cultural differences, conflicts etc. (Christensen Hughes, 1992). A study was conducted on transformational leadership in organizations, which depicted that leaders in organizations, who have a clear objective, strong sense of values and cultural differences and shown deep inclination towards high standards of ethics, are considered as models for others to follow (Tracy Hinkin, 1994). The following are some of the important points; an organizational leader has to consider while working in present global environment: Changing Occupational Profile: at present organizations try to provide more services to customers for the guaranteed customers satisfaction. This requires more knowledgeable and social employees. Major organizations also introduce some new posts like quality manager, yield manager , computer and technical service manager, management accounting expert and budget analyst to provide the wide range of services to the customers (Turner and Mueller, 2005) Developing Language Skills: in order to provide best services to culturally diverse clientele, major organizations provide different languages and culture training to their staff Increased staff responsibility and job satisfaction: it is hard to get and retain a good and trained employee in present business scenario. Many organizations impose more responsibilities to their good employees in order to enhance their job satisfaction Proper Motivation: In order to retain good employees it is necessary to motivate them. Motivation is either Financial or non-financial Financial: wages, salaries, fringe benefits etc. are financial incentives. Many believe that these incentives help to attract the more desirable and qualified type of employee, decrease turnover, and maintain morale and performance. Non-fina ncial: these are known as personal incentives because they offer an opportunity to develop personal initiative and achievement. A number of research studies have proved the impact of these incentives on performance. Opportunity for advancement, challenge, the type of work, responsibility, good supervision, good working conditions, and recreational programs are some examples of non-financial incentives. Conclusion Changing and managing corporate culture is one of the major problems of managers and executives at all levels at the present era of cultural diversity. Leadership is the capacity to guide, direct, and influence the behavior of others, imaginative, toward given ends. The trait theory holds that leadership is inherent in the psychological makeup of individuals. The situational pattern views leadership as contingent on the needs and resources of a given situation. In a synthesis of these two patterns, we concluded that both have contributed ideas of value, that neither a pproach alone is satisfactory. The supervisor is traditionally viewed as the man in the middle; but although this is often a fair portrayal of his role, in reality his beliefs are closer to those of other managers than to those of non-managerial employees. Managing and changing corporate culture in a multicultural environment is far more challenging than managing people in a uni-cultural environment. The leaders of cross cultural organizations have to use all the above-mentioned qualities as well as some extra qualities like emotional intelligence and understanding of different languages, values and cultures to manage and satisfy their followers more effectively.

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay on Divorce The Separation of the Inseparable

Love is the number one reason for marriage, even having Valentine’s Day to celebrate love. Yet Americans for Divorce Reform (ADR) estimate that, â€Å"Probably, 40 or possibly even 50 percent of marriages will end in divorce if current trends continue (Colleen). The ADR also shows the divorce rates between Christians and non-Christians are indistinguishable. Even worse, Christians divorcing their spouses are distorting the Bible in order to justify their actions. Christians must be called to a higher standard in regards to divorce, and they must stop twisting the Bible to appease their conscience. In order to fully understand divorce, we need to look into marriage, understanding the connection between two people. Biblically, marriage is†¦show more content†¦The Bible stresses this connection numerous times, clearly showing a spiritual connection between partners. Since the Bible emphasizes marriage, it is logical that divorce would also be clearly laid out. Dur ing the second giving of the law, Moses permits divorce if the man finds her indecent and writes her a certificate of divorce (Deu. 24:1-4). Although the Old Testament was more lenient on divorce, God specifically sets down stronger rules on the legality of divorce. Jesus, overriding Moses’ earlier laws on divorce, says the only reason a man should divorce his wife is for marital unfaithfulness, again reemphasizing the importance of marriage; divorce remains wrong for all other circumstance. Since God stresses marriage and strongly forbids divorce, there should be a clear difference between the divorce rates of Christians and non-Christians. Although clear biblical evidence for divorce exists in specific cases, Christians have perverted those verses to allow more divorce, buying into our secular world, which promotes emotional love and the importance of the individual within a marriage. The American Divorce Reform found that Christians experience equal divorce rates as t he general public. How can Christians—who are supposed to be called to a higher standard—commit such atrocities against the sacred union of marriage? Love based on emotion is different than true love the Bible teaches. Emotional love is the attraction between people, the fuzzyShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Divorce On Children1068 Words   |  5 PagesDivorce is a great phenomenon in todays society, it is a painful and an unforgettable experience in a persons life, especially for a child. When parents get divorced its hardest on the children because they go from having two inseparable people who had marriage commitments to fulfil, to witnessing the love lost between these two people. The concern here is, is there a psychological impact of parental divorce on children? Many parents dont realize that divorce affects their child much more thanRead MoreThe Anti Christian Movement : Is The Kingdom Of God?1473 Words   |  6 Pagesmarry young, more Americans are cohabitating before marriage, unmarried with children, not all marriages are created equal, and it’s true that the divorce rate is at fifty percent, but it does not mean what you might think†¦ The five facts above are from the campaign that celebrates National Marriage Week to strengthen individual marriages, reduce the divorce rate, and build a stronger marriage culture. What can we, as a Christian, say about them? Is it just culture that surrounds us and it does notRead MoreSingle Parent Households Is A Sensitive Topic Essay2506 Words   |  11 Pageshas affected the way my family is seen by others, how we speak to one another, and has had a large impact on my education. It has also given me a bigger stressor than simply living and growing in a single parent household with my mom; it gave me separation anxiety because of how we ended up in this situation. This topic is very close to me, and that may lead to a slight bias in the way that I speak about a single parent household. While the book I chose, â€Å"Growing Up with a Single Parent: What HelpsRead MoreThe Role of Women in Orthodox Judaism. Essay2196 Words   |  9 Pages but does not condemn her if she choose s to remain single,† (Kaufman 12). Halachah recognizes a women’s right to remain single, however the Hebrew word â€Å"ishah† means both â€Å"wife† and â€Å"women†, gesturing the fact that a women’s identity is almost inseparable from her status as a married women. It is inconceivable that women might willingly live single and apart from a family structure (Golinkin). According to Halachah, Orthodox women were given three basic laws to keep. First, they are responsible forRead MoreCpc Project4885 Words   |  20 PagesLIMITATIONS: The scope of this discussion is the execution decree of restitution of conjugal rights and detailed arguments relating to constitutional validity of restitution as a relief given in Hindu Marriage Act, along with its implications on divorce proceedings have not been examined since they are clearly out of the scope of a project for examining Civil Procedure. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: 1.In a civil suit for restitution of conjugal rights whether imprisonment is valid? 2.In a civil suit for restitutionRead MoreImportance of Mother3443 Words   |  14 Pagesmore American parents were with their kids more of the time. That is to say, it would be better if more mothers with a genuine choice in the matter did stay home and/or work part-time rather than full-time and if more parents entertaining separation or divorce did stay together for the sake of the kids.† Mary Eberstadt, Home-Alone America, pp. 47-48, 172. â€Å"A baby must have a mother, a mother who is mature enough to attend to its needs and provide so-called object constancy for a minimum of threeRead MoreMarriage12231 Words   |  49 Pagesfamily is built. Basically marriage is a social and legal contract. People marry great number of reasons- personal or social. Usually they have a certain preconceived notions about the kind of person they would like to marry. The large percentage of separation each year, non-marital pregnancies and premarital cohabitation have all dramatically changed the traditional family structure (Amato et.al, 2003). Millions of children are no longer being raised in nuclear families. The institution of marriage,Read MoreAn Illustration of State-Society Relations in Turkey Essay examples4296 Words   |  18 PagesMustafa Kemal founded the Turkish Republic in 1923: a centralised secular nation-state. He built upon the secular institutions of the Tanzimat period and did away with the Islamic ones to foster modernisation (to which secularisation was seen as inseparable). From a process, secularisation turned into a project; one that would be implemented from above (Yilmaz, 2002:114). So secularism was adopted as one of the founding principles of the Turkish Republic. In this regard, it needs to be understoodRead MoreImpact of Culture on the Spread of Hiv/Aids in Kenya5438 Words   |  22 Pagesother systems of social relations to modify our environment. But that has not been possible with women in Kenyan in both rural and urban areas even in the event of a HIV/AIDS epidemic with no cure in sight. Since our beliefs and ways of life are inseparable from our particular cultures, it is common for people to reject a behavior if it is not signified in their culture’s social code. It is however much harder for the marginalized groups like women and girls to reject what is supposedly part of theirRead MoreTheology of the Body32011 Words   |  129 Pagesknowledge at the beginning of generation† and thereby participates in God’s vision of man from the beginning as very good. I. Christ’s answer about marriage in integral vision of man 1) Our generation continues to query Christ about marriage and divorce, but Christ’s original answer, pointing to the beginning, is still fundamental. Christ continues to refer us to the beginning. 2) We discover man’s true identity from the beginning in the mystery of creation in Christ within the mystery of redemption

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Life Threatening Interaction Between Protease Inhibitors And The Illic Essay Example For Students

Life Threatening Interaction Between Protease Inhibitors And The Illic Essay Word Count: 920Life-Threatening Interactions between Hiv-1Protease Inhibitors and MDMA and -Hydroxybutrate (GHB)IntroductionPurposeThe goal of this assignment, is to read the health journal and with an unbiased appraisal, decide whether the information is conclusive enough based on solely the information given to possibly change ones health practices. Why Topic SelectedIn todays college society, with the ever-growing number of sexually active students, HIV is quickly spreading. College students are known for being curious, and it can be extremely common for a person to have several partners in one year. It can also be common for college students to experiment with many illicit designer drugs, such as MDMA (ecstacy). Upon reading the title of this article, I became intrigued. Because both drugs and HIV affect the college student population, it could be very valuable information to the health of those persons who are infected with Hiv-1, who could possibly ingest such drugs as MDMA or GHB as a recreational activity. SummaryA man with AIDS, age 29, ingested 2 pills of MDMA. Approximately 29 hours later, while still feeling the effects of the amphetamine, the man ingested about ? teaspoon of GHB, known as a sedative, to help counter the persisting effects of MDMA.About six hours later, the man ingested another ? teaspoon of GHB. Within twenty minutes after taking the second dose, EMS reported the man became unresponsive and exhibited a brief episode of clonic contractions of both legs and then the left side of his body. EMS found the subject responsive only to painful stimuli, with shallow breathing, and a heart rate of 40/bpm. With the patients history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cutaneous Kaposis sarcoma, thrush, and neutropenia, he was beeing treated at the time with protease inhibitors, ritonavir and saquinavir. These protease inhibitors have reports of helping the prognosis of HIV. The journal continues to try and prove, these inhibitors may cause an acceleration or deceleration of the bodys metabolism due to their effect on the cytochrome P450 system.Before being treated by these protease inhibitors, the subject had ingested similar quantities of MDMA and GHB without having the same adverse effects. Also during the time prior to administration (PTA), other persons had consumed similar quantities of the same solution GHB without these life-threatening effects. CritiqueThe work was a peer reviewed health journal in which a few medical doctors and pharmacist wrote about a single case and their findings. The study was done at the Dept. of Medicine, School of Medicine, Dept. of Pharmacy, and School of Pharmacy at the University of Washington, Seattle. Because the study was done on-campus, the funding probably came from grants and off-campus sources. This could lead to a potential bias if limited in funds or time by the source of the promoter. On the other hand, with proper funding the most exact results and conclusions could be drawn. Because the study was only started after the man accidentally had these effects occur, I assume the researchers used what information and equipment already available rather than seeking further funding. All authors names are accompanied by an MD, or PharmD, therefore, the journal article was created by a fairly knowledgeable source. The study was experimental, as it wasnt planned and all information was gathered after the fact. Only one case was reported and studied, therefore the sample size to be investigated is extremely limited. I believe that the authors of this article are most likely correct. There could possibly be an interaction between HIV protease inhibitors affecting metabolic rate, and the prolonged or shortened effects of many illicit drugs. Although the authors could possibly be correct about the relationship between the drugs, with such a limited sample size, it is hard to defend the evidence. Many of the conclusions are simply inconclusive. Many of the same results could have been mimicked by other conditions. For instance, in the journal, the exact milligram count of MDMA ingested is never discussed. It states that prior to taking protease inhibitors the man had in gested similar amounts of the same drugs without feeling the same effects, but the amount of milligrams could be altered from pill to pill. It also does not discuss how much food the subject had eaten, which would also effect the metabolic rate severely. Many combined conditions could have caused this reaction. The conclusions of the study are extremely logical, almost too logical in fact. This leads one to believe that this most simple conclusion was drawn from the inconclusive evidence. The conclusions from the study are limited. The information provided is only useful to those taking protease inhibitors, and illicit drugs (MDMA, GHB). Personally, this information is useless to me, as I am neither taking protease inhibitors, infected with HIV, nor taking MDMA or GHB. When I first started this study, it was always a premonition to never take two drugs at once, especially if one of them is considered an illegal, illicit one. After reading the study and finding that the subjects epis ode may have been caused by the reaction between the two drugs, I would certainly never take two drugs together. I would like to continue living a healthy lifestyle, and I do not feel that I will have to change any health behaviors as I am neither infected with HIV or taking illicit drugs.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Engineer Discourse Community A Journal Article Essay Example For Students

The Engineer Discourse Community : A Journal Article Essay To open this essay I have to start with saying that I will not be analyzing a manuscript, but a journal article instead, which the reason for will be explained later. Now, to define a journal article in a simple and modern definition, we can say it is a professionally published article that deals with a specialized subject. More specifically, in this case our genre is an engineering journal article. Contents within will range from current research results, charts and graphs of data, even current standings and analysis on subjects. A journal article is ultimately intended for engineers who have a research interest in a field, with at least some prior knowledge. The level of which its usefulness arises to is based on background knowledge on the topic. We will write a custom essay on The Engineer Discourse Community : A Journal Article specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The engineer discourse community who will pick up this genre will most likely be familiar, to a degree, with the content, or at least have prior knowledge of engineering concepts. Those engineers who want to help or further their own research will turn to these articles; they can then base where to begin once having been briefed by its content. These engineering journal articles allow for the progression of engineering, making them the most important genre encountered in the field. Engineers will want to carefully read the information presented, perhaps even a couple times through to fully grasp what they read. In the end spending ample time to fully explore the article. This shows that the genre itself is meant for†¦

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Create A Compelling Marketing Personal Statement Essay Example

Create A Compelling Marketing Personal Statement Essay Example Create A Compelling Marketing Personal Statement Essay Create A Compelling Marketing Personal Statement Essay Marketing personal statement is a document expected to be written by a student at the time of applying in a marketing school. Marketing is a very tough field as it calls for certain special qualities and most importantly a convincing ability. The personal statement expresses those qualities, inspiration or determination through the writing. It gives you a wonderful opportunity to put aside your grades and shine through the statement as a dedicated person. The reason that majority of schools or colleges these days need you to write a personal statement is mainly because they want to check how much potential you have. They want to see what qualities you possess which are essential for Marketing field and what sorts of adversities you have been through to pursue this field. Creating an effective personal statement allows you to express your strengths and weaknesses. It also shows the admission officer how your special personal traits cover those weaknesses. Also, use appropriate language in the statement because given that it is a marketing statement, the admission team will mainly focus on your communication skill. Basically marketing is all about how well you can communicate with the other person and how well you can convince them to agree with you. To write a compelling marketing personal statement you first need to determine some special qualities or aspects that set you apart. The main purpose of writing this statement is to convince the admission officers that you are a great fit not only for their college but also for the marketing community. Discover your personal traits that make you different from other applicants. The most ideal way to accomplish this goal is by using personal and true stories. Highlight your ordeals that you have experienced in your life. Highlight the struggles you have made to overcome those ordeals. List down your qualities along with a brief description and relate how those qualities will help you with achieving your future goals. Briefing your qualities or good points may seem like boasting but if it is done in the right manner it will surely make a great impact. Also, focus on creating a personal statement which is interesting or engaging to the admission officers. Do not just list down your achievements or qualities without a brief description and do not just place anecdotes randomly in the statement. Remember that you need to concentrate on making a marketing personal statement which expresses a perfect individual whom they seek for their college. Keep the following important points in mind while preparing a statement: Avoid using any unnecessary or too much humor in the statement. Do not use any quotes in the statement unless if it is very necessary. Avoid using any sort of religious views. Do not use false stories for the sake of impressing the officers. Do not use any jargons. Ensure that you have kept the word count of the statement in line with the given instructions by the admission department. Also ensure that spend some time on proofreading the entire document.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Political Theory-Facism Failure essays

Political Theory-Facism Failure essays Although it may be difficult to say one school of political thought is superior to another, we can certainly distinguish between and assess the various types. Most every political systems ideology focuses on the attainment of a content, peaceful, and productive society, whether it be a pure Democratic society, Socialism, Agrarian Republicanism, or Communitariansim. The instrumentation one must use to evaluate the disciplines of political thought must be the successful achievement of their intended goals, its adaptability to a society, and the historical results of their implementation into a society. In order to evaluate any political thought, one must first acknowledge that no political ideology has been implemented in its purest, intended form. For example, the United States is certainly not a true democracy. In this example, the political philosophy has been tainted by those in power and eventually evolved into an altered hodgepodge of political theories. To clarify, the U.S., under Franklin D. Roosevelts and again during Lyndon Johnsons leadership, displayed clear attributes of socialism due to their social welfare programs. Once this has been established, the goals of a political philosophy can be assessed. Using the aforementioned tools, one ideology we can examine is fascism. This school of thought seeks to revitalize the social, economic, and cultural facets of a nation through ethnic or national pride. However, it rejects ideas such as freedom and individual rights, and often presses for the destruction of elections and legislatures. While the goal of the political thought is well meaning, the costs to its achievement is clearly very high. When fascisms adaptation to society is examined, it becomes even simpler to judge it as a political thought. The first societies, or nations, to adapt this frame of politics were Italy and Germany in the earlier half of the 20th century. These ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Sport And Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sport And Society - Essay Example The functionalist theory focuses attention on how sports assists keep the society operating easily and influences individuals to contribute to the social system. From the Governments perspective it is easy to see that access and participation are intertwined; by providing more opportunities for people at all levels in sport, a number of participants will rise. From a functionalist approach, the Governments perspective is not sufficiently discriminatory, it overlooks certain problems such as age and gender issues that do not support the equilibrium in society. A functionalist approach leads to exaggerated statements about positive effects of sport, believing that anything that lasts is good and it fails to consider that sport could distort values. Functionalist theory is based on the assumption that the needs of the individuals in society reflect the needs of the social system, it assumes homogeneity of interests and the desire to maintain harmony which is not the case, not everyone i n a society may want to play a certain sport, and functionalism cannot distinguish whether people actually want to play sport at all. The way the Government wants to promote sport is typically from a functionalist perspective and is the best sociological theory to use when promoting the sport. Different sociological theories help identify issues and problems and Coakley believe the best theories are the ones that make sense, so from the Governments point of view, a functionalist approach is ideal because it believes sport is an inspiration.... The Government aims to improve health and they identify how sport is a means of this, the approach to achieving this is predominantly a functionalist approach in that they believe sport is an inspiration and a precious contributor to health. The Government believes that if they increase opportunities and improve access to facilities for all people, then their goal of improved health will be attained. Government's use of sport From a functionalist perspective this would encourage participation from all areas of society regardless of sex, age, race, gender or class as the perspective does not discriminate against individuals. From a functionalist point of view the policy over-exaggerates the benefits of playing sport, and Coakley (2003, p.40) believes it doesn't address "the emphasis on physical power" which may show prejudice towards certain groups in society, and this is one of the reasons why women's sport has failed to be as big as men's, and one of the reasons why the Paralympic Games is not as big as the Olympics. Development of sport in the UK Although until relatively in recent times sport might have been described as a neglected subject in social analysis, the worth of sport in modern societies seems irrefutable. In financial terms sport is estimated to symbolize 3 per cent of GDP in the OECD countries. In cultural terms extra than two-thirds of the world's population saw a few part of the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games via television. In supporting terms sport has been engaged as a policy tool by country states, as for instance in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, and in the Olympic Games' boycotts of the 1980s, or more lately in promoting the new or reviving patriotism of the post-communist Central along with Eastern

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Proper essay form, with supporting argument, facts, and examples

Proper form, with supporting argument, facts, and examples - Essay Example , Auguste Comte (1798-1857), developed a form of scientific rationalism which stated that science is the highest form of knowledge that will inevitably lead to progress in humans. His argument was that positive or scientific knowledge is the highest stage of human development which would allow humans to discover the laws of human behaviour and be able to use them in improving the society. On the other hand, Romanticism rejected most of these ideologies by the positivists. They recognized the fact that humans have limits to reason and comprehend the reality and also rejected the artistic style called classicism. Instead, they explored the mysterious, strange, satanic, and exotic aspects of the human nature by incorporating it into myths and folk music. Their ideologies appealed to the liberals on the basis of rejecting an established order and emphasis on individual liberty, and conservatives on the basis of societal importance in religion. Liberalism held its ideology on the principle of economic, social, and political freedom. In particular, the liberals had three main aims: to establish and protect civil liberties; worked to achieve the right to vote to the middle class, and to promote free trade. They drew most of their support from merchants, manufacturers, ad middle-class professionals in urban areas. This ideology became prominent during the French revolution especially after the Congress of Vienna. It became a major force in France between the years 1830 and 1848, resulting in the overthrowing of the Bourbons who were replaced by Louis Philippe and attainment of republic status by France in 1848. In Britain, liberalism led to several reforms including the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 and also the Reform Bill of 1832. Another ideology that appeared during the French Revolution is Nationalism. This ideology held that nationalities had a right to identify and be attached to their nation. It aimed at establishing nation-states with people that shared the

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Post Mortem Review Essay Example for Free

Post Mortem Review Essay OBJECTIVE This memo details the benefits and drawbacks of a postmortem review of this training project. Additionally it will include who should partake in the postmortem review meeting, and in conclusion what the team hope’s to discover upon conclusion of this review. BENEFITS OF A POSTMORTEM REVIEW The benefits of this review are to list the goals versus outcome of the project, the budget against the final costs, and stakeholder participation. It is also helpful to document what went well and what did not go well during this project. Areas to review are morale, communications, and cost components such as hardware, software, office space, people, time, and budget. This should also include project scope, requirements, conflict management, and deadlines. DRAWBACKS OF A POST MORTEM REVIEW The drawbacks of this review are that it is too late to correct or fix any problems or errors that occurred during this project. Because this project is so small, there are few milestones to help gauge the success of the entire project. THE MEETING There will be a meeting the day after training ends on February 14, 2000 at 800 am at the Holiday Inn media room for the sponsor, project manager, and trainers to discuss the lessons learned and to prepare the postmortem report. Stakeholders will take notes during the project to ensure there is valuable feedback prepared bout how things went, the milestones, what went well and what could be improved upon for the final meeting. The project will terminate on February 14, 2000 and a final meeting and presentation will be provided to the stakeholders. This presentation will cover the project history and summary to include: ââ€"   Project description ââ€"   Project MOV ââ€"   Scope, schedule, budget, and quality objectives ââ€"   Comparison of planned versus actual ââ€"   Original scope and history of any approved changes ââ€"   Original budget versus actual cost of completing the project ââ€"   Test plans and test results ââ€"   Deliverables and Milestones ââ€"   Ongoing support required and duration ââ€"   Project documentation list ââ€"   Systems documentation ââ€"   User manuals ââ€"   Training materials Closing the Project: Upon conclusion of the presentation meeting, the project manager, and team will conduct an administrative closure. Team member performance will be reviewed, an audit of the project by an objective outside party and evaluation to determine if the project achieved its envisioned MOV. Additional documentation such as lesson’s learned and best practices will be evaluated and documented. CONCLUSION This meeting hopes to serve as a valuable resource for everyone involved in this project and a helpful guide to future projects. References Marchewka, J., (1998). Information technology project management, 4e. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Mantel, J., Meredith, S. (2000). Project management, a managerial approach . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Slaughter House :: Description Essays

The Slaughter House â€Å"Though he was harshly treated, he submitted and opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, or a sheep before the shearers, he was silent and opened not his mouth† Isaiah 53:7 Trudging along the dirt road that led down to the abattoir, I was experiencing strong emotions. My stomach churned at the thought of the blood I was likely to encounter during the processing of lambs. I reasoned that to get a valid opinion on the subject, I had to witness the entire process, no matter how unpleasant. As I entered the abattoir I was greeted by Tim, a young graduate student who would be assisting the professor throughout the process. I was told to step into a tray on the floor filled with a disinfectant to prevent the entrance of unwelcomed germs that hid on the bottom of my shoes. I pulled on a long yellow apron and placed a hair net and hard hat on my head. A small class of animal science majors walked in who would also be viewing the slaughtering. The professor and Tim prepared for the process by thoroughly washing and sanitizing all of their instruments, sharpening their knives, and placing hooks on a track overhead that holds the sheep carcass upside down. I stepped outside and saw the four sheep that were to be killed. They were huddled together as if they knew what was to happen and were saying their goodbyes. Tim reassured me they were only afraid of being in a strange, confined space. I stood off to the side as Tim led the first of the sheep inside. The sheep gave little struggle and made no sound. Tim gripped its head tightly as the professor placed a bolt gun on the top of its skull. The bolt gun worked similar to a revolver.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Women in Prehistory: Gender in Mycenaean

Womans in Prehistory:Gender in Mycenaean Introduction In the ancient universe, there were societal functions made for different gender as males and females played different functions in the society. Evidence of the archaeological stuffs found in Crete provides information on the functions played by work forces and adult females in Minoan society, particularly to the Mycenaean Greeks. Some research workers, establishing on the grounds of the graphics have suggested that adult females in Mycenaean did non merely play a function of rise uping kids but besides played some other functions. Some research workers have suggested, during the same period, some adult females have more freedom in one civilization than those in other civilizations. Mycenaean Age ( 1600-1100 BC ) The Mycenaean age dates back to the Bronze Age around 1600 BC to 1100 BC. It is presently an archaeological site in Greece found in the Peloponnese, Southern Greece. The archaeological remains found at Mycenaean have great importance in stating about the history of the Mycenaean age and its civilization. The remains found at the castle in Mycenae and the sums of ownership found in the Gravess indicate the prosperity and richness of the Mycenaean civilisation. Before the Mycenaean period, the dominant civilization in Greece was the Minoan. The Mycenaean defeated the Minoan and therefore replacing it in the metropolis of Troy. The Mycenaean civilization was dominant around the chief metropoliss of Mycenae which include Pylos, Tiryns, Athens, Orchomenos, Thebes and Folkseir. The Mycenaean civilization besides was in the ruins of Knossos, one of the large metropoliss in the Minoan period. The combination of the Minoan and Mycenaean led to the coming up of a civilization found in Crete ( Anna 59 ) . The category variegation hapless and the rich during the Mycenaean become more constituted. More wealth was reserved for the male monarch and other royal governments. There was besides a great separation in gender, where the male and female had different functions to play in the society. The Mycenaean exhibited warrior civilization which was one of the functions played by work forces in the Mycenaean. The warriors in Mycenaean were besides prepared for the conflict as a manner of protecting the wealth and cultural hoarded wealths of the metropolis. They were besides great bargainers who maintained contact with other trade spouses like the Europe and the Mediterranean. The grounds of the outstanding constructions built during the Mycenaean period like great castles, Bridgess, abode and grave shows that they were besides great applied scientists ( Paul 75 ) . The History of Gender Structures and Role in the Ancient Greece Minoan civilisation ( ca. 2600–ca. 14,500 BCE ) was the earliest period of Grecian history. The Crete Island had many castles of extremely centralised civilization, whereas the Knossos was the most of import. Archaeological grounds of stuff remains of the Knossos civilization which comprise of pictures on the walls of the castles provide merely guesss and non clear grounds on the constructions of gender and their functions. Many pictures found have shown adult females looking active in public like adult females in athleticss of acrobat where they vault over the dorsums of bulls that are unsafe and besides taking portion in Minoan rites. But their mere presence as seen in the pictures does non precisely say about their function in the society. One can ne'er judge whether the participants in the acrobats were trained slaves, blue young persons or even captives who were fixing to be given as a forfeit. There were besides statues which suggested the Minoan faith chiefly worshipped goddess figures. However, this can non be used to do a decision about the high position of adult females in Minoan ( Chapman 74 ) . The Minoan art of picture besides depicted adult female holding white tegument and work forces with brown tegument. This suggests that the blue adult females in society led an inactive life in shelters and were seldom exposed to the outside universe, whereas work forces experienced the adversities of the outside universe through out-of-door undertakings like war, concern and agribusiness. The invasion of Aegean island and Greece by the Greek-speaking people led to the outgrowth of Mycenaean civilization ( ca. 1600–ca. 1100 BCE. ) by absorbing the Minoan civilization. Many verse forms like the Odyssey and Iliad and myths came from this period. The Mycenaean civilization was dominated by the blue warriors whose position was gained through triumph in the conflict and collection of loot from where they concur. The lives of adult females in Mycenaean were under the control of work forces, that is their hubbies, male parents and sometimes even by their boies. Men literally treated the adult females in Mycenaean below the belt. However, adult females had a opportunity to asseverate themselves through their strong influence on some powerful comparative male ( Shelton 62 ) . The Mycenaean cultured ended and Greece came into a dark age where the society split into single farmsteads and little small towns. The Role of Female in Mycenaean It is apparent that to Mycenaean did non conform to male dominance excessively much as evident in some other country. The archaeological grounds found indicate that adult females took portion in really of import functions in public life in the urban like being officials, decision makers ; they were besides priestesses and took portion in some athleticss that in most instances they are dominated by work forces like overleaping over bull which are unsafe. These athleticss which required a batch of bravery and high acrobatic accomplishments were dominated by both work forces and adult females. In Mycenaean, adult females were presented to be really adept in entrepreneurship and trade plants. They besides held political duties. Archaeological grounds suggests that most priests in Mycenaean were adult females. Despite the fact that most male monarchs in castles in Mycenaean were work forces, it is true that both the Mycenaean and Minoan society were non chiefly patriarchal. Most archaeologists believe that both the Mycenaean and the Minoan were matrilinear due to the grounds of their goddess faith ( Komita 66 ) . Most of the adult females in Mycenaean were non confined to the domestic domain in their operation. There is grounds that some adult females were cooks, Millers, Fullers, weavers, hosts, physicians, vocalists, cellar keepers, terpsichoreans and instrumentalists. In most instances such activities were associated with the temple and the castle which were the primary centres of finance and production in the Mycenaean. There were great workshops in the castles for fabric production, metalwork and other fabrication workshops. Women worked in these castles and therefore played a important function in the economic system of Mycenaean. Womans who worked in these workshops are listed in tabular array B. For case, at the castle of Pylon, there were 1400 adult females working in the castle, which was twice the figure of work forces working in the fabric and vesture workshops, leather workings grain processing every bit good as family attenders in different sorts. The adult females besides held high position occupations in Mycenaean. The adult females in Mycenaean who served as priestesses experienced greater independency in their work and were responsible for some indispensable map in the society. Some adult females in the Mycenaean like the priestesses and other female who held spiritual duties possessed big pieces of land and they were accorded high position in the community. These adult females had greater independency and control over sacred hoarded wealths of the temple as it was recorded that some priestesses donated some bronze from the temple for military intents. Fiscal independency was non merely limited to the priestesses as it was mentioned in the tabular array that one adult female who was non a priest owned and orchard. Harmonizing to the reading of many bookmans of the information in tabular array B, many adult females in the Mycenaean received half as much of what the work forces received for their work. However, other bookmans like Judy Turner and Jon-Christian Billigmeier believe that the grounds in table B indicates equal compensation for both work forces and adult females for their work. Unequal wage between work forces and adult females, nevertheless, did non impact the baronial adult females who were accorded the right to inherit and were besides given big doweries because they had a large part of heritage ( Anna 61 ) . This shows that adult females of the upper category in Mycenaean had power to command their ain wealth and continue it for themselves and those that were to inherit from them. The Role of Pylos and Knossos Women in Mycenaean At least 1200 adult females are approximated to be in the workgroup at Knossos. The lists are similar to those recorded at Pylos, which indicated slave adult females and groups of low position. It is indicated that more than a 1000 adult females of low position worked in the fabric industries in Knossos. However, these women’s functions were non confined in and around the castle merely like in Pylos, but besides worked in many other towns and small towns in Crete. They were under the control of Mycenaean masters. Most of the fabric industries were located far off from some really of import concerns that were organized by the castle. All the cloth production work was assigned to adult females. Most of the slaves during Mycenaean were adult females. There are different sort of cloth production set for the local adult females and that for slaves. The slaves were allowed to be free for the remainder of the twelvemonth after completing the undertaking they were assigned which normally took three to six months. This gave the adult females a opportunity to run into their households and carry out other household functions at place ( Paul 74 ) . Womans in Mycenaean besides had the duty of mediating to the Gods on behalf of their households and on behalf of their metropolis provinces excessively. This was because adult females could talk straight to the Gods, unlike the work forces. Furthermore, they had permeable organic structures which were more unfastened to nonhuman influence. Harmonizing to the Grecian civilization, the female organic structures, peculiarly the uterus were considered to be something dark and unknown and it was potentially unsafe. This made them to be more suited than work forces in doing contact with an facet of deity that were unpredictable ( Komita 67 ) . This thought is besides reflected in the vulnerable nature of adult females during rites like doing forfeits. In order to acquire gods’ attending, they shriek emotional as they greeted the deities. They besides came up with plaints during funerals to convey out their heartache and besides to pacify the dead. Women besides took a function in fixing cadavers for entombment because their organic structures were associated with passage of events in life like birth and decease. Women hence, had great functions to play in spiritual affairs in Mycenaean and that is the ground why most priests in Mycenaean were adult females. The Role of Male in Mycenaean During the Mycenaean period, work forces controlled the greater portion of the belongings in the society than adult females. Work force of all societal position in Mycenaean had control over so many trade goods than adult females. Some of these trade goods under the control of work forces were really owned by adult females. They could entree more trade goods in the society than adult females. For case, adult females in Mycenaean ne'er received alien good from the castles like unctions and spices, metal or metal vass, objects that were made of tusk or horn, Equus caballuss, arms, chariots and armours which had the symbols of the opinion elite. Work forces were shepherds and Shearers of sheep that provided the wool for the fabric industry. The Mycenaean kept so many sheep that provided equal natural stuff for the fabric industry, which was one of the most of import economic activities in Mycenaean. Work force besides took leading functions in Mycenaean civilization. The male monarchs in the castles were all male monarchs and governing authorization places that help the male monarch were taken by work forces. Women’s leading was chiefly limited in spiritual affairs while other leading places and authorization were held by work forces. The male monarch therefore, together with other work forces in the royal circle possessed most of the wealth in the community, making great category differences between the rich and the ( Shelton 63 ) . Work force had besides the duty of protecting the society, the cultural hoarded wealths and the metropoliss. All the warriors were work forces and they formed a really strong ground forces. They were besides readily prepared for the conflict. The warriors fought different conflicts emerging with the triumph and brought place prisoners who became slaves in Mycenaean. However, in about 1100 BCE Mycenaean was burned and destroyed most likely by the invading Dorian. Evidence shows that its being continued as a little metropolis provinces and the walls were non destroyed. 480 BC work forces of Mycenaean were sent to Thermopylae to contend against the Persians. In 479 BC the work forces of Mycenaean were at Plataea and in 470 BC, their neighbours Argos who were really aggressive and had been impersonal in the Persian war took retaliation by beleaguering Mycenaean. In 468 BC, the Argos defeated the Mycenaean warriors and it was destroyed ( Gagarin 94 ) . Most of the concern activities in Mycenaean were carried out by work forces. They were great bargainers who contacted other trade spouses from other states like the Europe and Mediterranean. In Mycenaean, work forces were besides instrumentalists and played really of import functions, particularly in spiritual maps. Most of the grounds found about instrumentalists, showed the male instrumentalists and they played their music in standing places. Apart from artistic representation of instrumentalists, there were besides remains of musical instruments that were found in Gravess of Mycenae where they were placed in the Gravess as valuable goods. From the grounds findings, we can reason that the musical instruments found are already discerned in percussion, air current and stringed instruments. Some of the most of import archaeological findings of musical instruments include the weaponries of tusk that came from Menidi and they had been formed into a duck caput and besides some parts of lyre that were found in the grave of Spatar and Mycenae ( Chadwick 70 ) . Separation in Gender in Mycenaean In Mycenaean though non much, but at that place was a difference between the functions played work forces and adult females and how they were treated in assorted fortunes. The rewards given to adult females and work forces for the work done was non equal despite even when they did a comparatively equal undertaking. For case, in Hittite context work forces were paid higher than adult females for comparatively tantamount labour. Harmonizing to Hittite Law Code in subdivision 158, wages for work forces and adult females who were hired during crop are indicated. Their payment was settled in steps of grain. In a month, a adult male received 10 steps while a adult female received either four or six. Sometimes, the wage for a adult male was 12 boodles of Ag while that for a adult female was six boodles. This is in the ratio of 2:1 for work forces and adult females severally ( Paul 58 ) . Harmonizing to the reading of tabular array B by many bookmans, adult females in Mycenaean received every bit half as much pay for the work they did as what work forces received. However, some bookmans have argued that the grounds from table B indicate an equal ratio of wheat and some other signifiers of payment used during the Mycenaean period for work forces and adult females. Another separation is besides seen in the spiritual affairs in Mycenaean where merely adult females were given the opportunity to take spiritual activities. Their bloody nature was considered to be more suited for reaching the deities unlike work forces. They, hence, led most of the spiritual maps in the society like the offering of forfeits and carry oning burial ceremonials. They besides prayed on behalf of their household and the whole society and interceded to the Gods on behalf of work forces. In the leading sector, there was besides separation where most of the leaders, including the male monarch were male. Women’s leading was merely limited to spiritual affairs. Men dominated most of the royal places in Mycenaean and had all the authorization. Men besides had much control of trade good belongings than adult females. They had entree to more trade goods in the society than adult females. All work forces, irrespective of their societal or economic position had much power over trade goods in the community some of which were owned by adult females. This showed a great lower status in the power of adult females over ownership of belongings ( Chapman 88 ) . Most of the lands in Mycenaean were owned by work forces except for the adult females who were priestesses and some few other adult females who were non priestesses but still owned some land. In this society, gender dealingss were apparent. Womans did presume their ain muliebrity, looking at how they wore their apparels every bit good as presuming a really critical function within their ain society. Some of the adult females still used to move into really important functions in the political relations of this society. This brought rather a passage in the Mycenaean society. Decision Unlike excessively many civilizations and society, it can be observed that the Mycenaean civilization had small differences in the functions played by work forces and adult females. Womans are seen to take portion in activities that would instead be suited for work forces. They perform good in different sectors merely like their male opposite numbers such as in athleticss, in occupations and in cultural and spiritual affairs. Plants cited Paul, A. â€Å" Mycenaean Divinities † . Northridge, CA: California State University. 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2015. Chapman, R. â€Å" Changing Social Relations in the Mediterranean Copper and Bronze Ages † . In Blake, Emma ; Knapp, A. Bernard. The Archaeology of Mediterranean Prehistory. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 2005: pp.77–101. Chadwick, J. â€Å"The Mycenaean World.† Cambridge University Press. 1976. Retrieved April 29 2015. Gagarin, M. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome1. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. Shelton, K. â€Å" Living and Dying in and Around Middle Helladic Mycenae † . In Philippa-Touchais, Anna, T. , Voutsaki, S. et Al. : The Grecian Mainland in the Middle Bronze Age ( Bulletin de CorrespondanceHellenique: Supplement, Volume 52 ) . Athinais: Ecolefrancaised’Athenes. 2010: pp.57–65. Komita, N. â€Å"The Grave Circles at Mycenae and the Early Aryansâ€Å" . Research Reports of Ikutoku Technical University, ( A-7 ) , 1982: 59–70.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Maslows Heiharchy of Needs in Ordinary People Essay

Knowing someone that has died is extremely hard. It’s even worse when that person is in your family. When someone dies, the family is obviously going to grieve. While they are grieving together, they don’t grieve the same way, at the same time. For example, when my grandpa died in 2009, my grandma was in denial and carried on regular life for a day or two. She even did the laundry and ironed his clothes. When my mom found out about her dad, she went into depression. After a little bit, my mom got really angry and upset while my grandma went into depression for about two years. They were grieving together, but at different rates through different phases. They have both accepted the fact that he’s gone but that one day they will see him again, so there’s no need to be upset. In Ordinary People, Conrad, Calvin, and Beth also have to grieve. Throughout this grieving process, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs comes into play. Every person in the story is trying to reach for self-actualization. For example, Calvin’s need of esteem showed when he and Beth were getting ready for the day at the beginning of the book. He was thinking about how he was orphaned at age 11, and thinking about all of the roles he plays as an adult. â€Å"Calvin Jarret, forty-one, U.S. Citizen, tax attorney, husband, father.† (Guest, 7). He also showed his need of esteem when he thought specifically about fatherhood and why he messed up with Conrad by not listening to him enough. â€Å"Responsibility. That is fatherhood. You cannot afford to miss any signs, because that is how it happens: somebody holding too much inside, somebody else missing signs.† (Guest, 9)

Friday, November 8, 2019

Solving The Database Puzzle essays

Solving The Database Puzzle essays Whether looking up a customers account, checking to see whats in stock or verifying a price, virtually all enterprise applications need to extract data from more than one source. And to meet the demands of their users, applications must retrieve the data quickly, deliver it in a form thats meaningful, and make sure the information is off-limits to all but those authorized to access it. Accomplishing all that is an ongoing challenge for developers. For one thing, unless the application and the data source rely on the same syntax, the application cannot simply issue commands to call data directly [1]. To get past this hurdle, developers depend on data access technologies, such as those provided by J2EE or the .NET Framework, to enable communication between applications and data source that dont speak the same tongue. Although data access technologies are increasingly automating the process of getting the tow parties to talk - and some rely on open standards such as XML - using them still requires developers to do a fair bit of custom coding. A second hurdle is staying one step ahead of hackers, who misuse their smart to commit malicious acts, such as stealing credit card numbers from e-commerce sites that keep customer data on their servers. Safeguarding such information requires an ongoing effort on the part of the developers and IT professionals who must outsmart hackers to ensure ironclad security. To decide which controls to use, information system builders must examine various control techniques in relation to each other and to their relative cost-effectiveness. A control weakness at one point may be offset by a string control at another [3]. Also complicating data access matters is the increasingly sophisticated nature of the queries posed by users of business applications [1]. Straightforward requests for information, such as a customers account number, require an application to query a single d...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

The Inspector directs on stage and manipulates audiences response Essays

The Inspector directs on stage and manipulates audiences response Essays The Inspector directs on stage and manipulates audiences response Essay The Inspector directs on stage and manipulates audiences response Essay Essay Topic: Literature I think that this play is very good at getting Priestley points across. After I had read the play it immediately made me think about the way I treat people. This is because in my view the way the message is delivered through the use of the character Inspector Goole, also the harsh reality of the story about the young girl, Eva Smith, and about her committing suicide. This is quite a selfish way to interpret the play and changing your ways, also the play is about not being selfish, looking after each other and working as one body, this is quite ironic. The way the inspector challenges Mr Birling, although Mr Birling is a powerful man. The inspector isnt afraid of who the inspector knows how do you get on with the chief constable? Perhaps I ought to warn you hes an old friend of mine. This doesnt scare the inspector which appeals to the reader. Also as soon as the inspector walks in the lighting changes from cosy to a harder light. This shows the presence of the inspector it shows that as soon as he walks in the atmosphere changes. Priestley wrote this play in 1947 but set it in the year 1912 just before the First World War and in the year of the titanic sinking. This technique called distancing. It enables the audience to think about times by reflecting on the past. He uses to help get his point across and also it helps give the impression of Mr Birling being pompous and stupid. This is as he refers to the titanic and calls it unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable he also comments on the thought of war, youll hear some people saying war is inevitable. And to that I say fiddlesticks. This makes Mr Birling look stupid as the audience of the time know that there has been a war, two wars. They are also aware that the titanic did sink. This helps to get Priestleys point across as; if Mr Birling looks stupid then it shows capitalism is stupid. The way in which it is set back in time adds to the importance of changing ways, as the end the inspector talks about if men dont learn there lesson soon then they will be taught it in blood and fire and anguish. This refers to the war and it gets the audience to think have they learned there lesson, as they will have probably lived through two wars and wont want to see anymore. The play was written just after the second war, in 1947, but everyone would still be feeling the effects of it. This helps Priestley to get the audience to reflect on their lives and to see what mistakes they have made and make them want to change as they wont want to go through anymore big ordeals like a war. Priestley had many time theories and influences while writing this play which helped him set it in a good way to get his message across with effectiveness. He was fascinated by the theories of time and he got his influences off P. D Ouspensky and J. W Donne. P. D Ousepensky believed that after death we entered the same life and are trapped in that cycle until we can learn from our past mistakes and break out of it. J. W Donne believed some people have the ability to see into the future and see the consequences of their actions. This second theory is visible in the play as after the Birlings are visited by an inspector, Inspector Goole, and questioned by him. After they have found he was fake, the police station ring up and say that an inspector will be on his way round to question them about a girl who has recently committed suicide. This gives them a chance to do the right thing and tell the inspector everything. Even though they have the chance to tell the inspector everything and do the right thing, the audience get the impression that only Sheila and maybe Eric will actually go through and admit what they have done. Even though none of the things happened are crimes against the law but just moral crimes, the Birlings are too ashamed to admit what they have done. Priestley has used Sheila as the character to help reinforce his point and she is what Priestley wants the audience to do. This is as she changes her views because of the events that happen in the play. This is what Priestley wants the audience to do think about what theyve done and change their views because of the play as they wouldnt want to think that they have made someone feel that bad. This play is still relevant to audiences in modern times as not everyone now treats people fairly. The difference is that in the modern era employees have unions, to protect them against unfair decisions from employers and give them more rights for all aspects of working, and national insurance cards and numbers. In 1912 when this play was set these things were just starting to begin. Before the inspector arrives to the Birlings house the mood is very natural and its very realistic. This is as the play is set in real time which means whatever happens on the stage would have took the same amount of time in real life, so it isnt set over weeks or months. As the play is set in real time it makes it seem much more realistic to the audience which would therefore shock them more. This is what Priestley wanted as it would make the audience go away from the play and think about how they treat people. That was also what Priestley wanted the audience to do. In the stage directions it comments that the Birling family and Gerald have had a good dinner, are celebrating a special occasion, and are pleased with themselves. It also comments that the lighting should be pink and intimate until the inspector arrives, and then it should be brighter and harder. This shows that the atmosphere is going to change when the inspector arrives, from the nice relaxed one to a very uneasy tense atmosphere. The opening stage direction also gives a lot of information about the characters and household. This gives us some clues about what the family are like and it would have given the audience some visual clues, which would have given them a little impression of the characters. From the first act we learn a lot more about the characters and the pleasant relaxed mood is continued through. In the first act Birling gives lots of advice to Eric, Sheila and Gerald. He thinks he knows more than he actually does like calling the titanic unsinkable and commenting that war is never going to happen. Also he gives his advice as the capitalist and industrialist representative. He tells his children that they should look after there selves and family none of that community and nonsense this shows he is a strong believer of the capitalist views. When the inspector arrives it is just after Mr Birling has made a big speech on looking after himself- and his family too, of course and also on capitalist vs. labour, which it is like when the inspector comes as Mr Birling shows the view of a capitalist and industrialist, whereas the inspector shows the view of a socialist. Birlings speech before the inspector arrives shows that the two are going to have completely different views. As the inspector is a socialist and believes in collective responsibility and looking after everyone, whereas Mr Birling believes that we should just look after ourselves and family. The inspector is shown in the play to be the antithesis of Mr Birling and this causes Mr Birling to not like the inspector. The inspector believes Mr Birling is wrong for discharging Eva Smith and comments about her asking for higher wages saying they might but after all its better to ask for the earth then take it. This shows that there wasnt anything wrong in just asking for higher wages. Although Mr Birling is a strong believer of the capitalist views when the Eric brings up the speech Birling has just gave on looking after yourself and family, Birling is keen to dismiss it and not talk in front of the inspector about it. This shows that although he has strong beliefs he knows the inspector has the opposite views and it shows that Birling is afraid to confront him about it. At the start of this play we are led to believe that it is going to be a murder mystery play but instead we find out it is a morality play. The reader wouldnt find out it is just going to be a morality play until it as finished. This would have made the ending a bit of anticlimax for the audience as they would have been expecting a big mystery to unravel whereas it ends more abruptly but it does have the added mystery of what is going to happen when the real inspector visits them. The inspector is at The Birlings household to investigate the suicide of a girl called Eva Smith. He goes into depth about the incidents running up to the death of this girl. This seems odd to the audience as they would have wondered why the inspector is asking questions about her being discharged from work as it bears no reference to her death and its not illegal so the inspector didnt need to investigate that. Also the other events running up to her death like her getting fired from her department store job, in Milwards, her relationship with Gerald and also her conversation with the group that helps women headed by Mrs Birling werent necessary in investigations. The only person out f the Birling family that the inspector needed to talk to was Eric, this is as his involvement with this girl, Eva Smith, was the only one out of the familys involvements with her that was illegal. But the way Priestley does these investigations into the other events such as Sheila getting her fired makes it seem like the events were illegal. Also the way Sheila feels extremely bad for what she has done helps add to Priestley getting the point across that all of these events were wrong. This helps him in his dramatic purpose as it helps make the audience feel that these events were bad. The audience would have been of similar class to Mr Birling so if Priestley could make them see that these events were wrong them it would change society dramatically. When the inspector is questioning his manner is very direct and forthright. He isnt scared of Mr Birling and still uses this style when questioning Mr Birling. Mr Birling tries to intimidate the inspector but the inspector isnt fazed by it and he carries on his style of questioning. This would have seemed very strange to the audience as the manner of the inspector is very rude and not like the manner of normal inspectors. Even when Mr Birling comments that he is very good friends with the chief constable and that he plays golf with him regularly the inspector isnt intimidated by this and answers dryly to him and very sarcastically as if he is mocking Mr Birling. The inspector contradicts, undermines and over-rules Mr Birling. He is always in control of the situation and it never seems that Mr Birling is in charge of the two. When Mr Birling is trying to ask why should you come here inspector- the inspector cuts right in which shows that he is in charge and it shows that he is the superior of Mr Birling so Mr Birling should speak when the inspector tells him too. The inspector is like this all the way though the play with Mr Birling and although Mr Birling tries many times to tell him that he doesnt like his manner and he should show respect, Birling I dont like that tone, the inspector pays no attention and carries on with his ways. The way he criticises the lack of care from Mr Birling and his manner is not what you would expect from a normal inspector. When the inspector is questioning Sheila he uses grisly details of Eva Smiths death which works as a shock tactic, not only to Sheila but to the audience as well. He uses some very emotive language which helps the audience and Sheila feel extremely sorry for Eva Smith. Throughout questioning Sheila he uses phrases and words like burnt her insides out and died, after several hours of agony this is the type of emotive and grisly language he uses too shock Sheila. She is different to her dad, Mr Birling, as she is very willing to accept responsibility for Eva Smiths death. This is how the inspector introduces collective responsibility to the family, through Sheila as she is willing to accept responsibility. As soon as she realises her connection with Eva Smith she feels extremely guilty and is willing to talk about why she got her sacked, but she doesnt try and justify it. When the inspector has finished investigating Sheila and moves on too investigating others then she acts as an assistant to the inspector. She tells her family that there isnt any point trying to pretend you didnt know her as the inspector will just cut you too pieces and prove you did. She asks questions of her own which helps the inspector in questioning, although she doesnt realise it does. Go on mother you might as well admit it Yes she is why? . She does this to help make her family see the same pint of view as her. Sheila is the first to realise that the inspector is not normal and is probably a fake. She says that its queer very queer when talking about the inspector to the family after he has gone. Although after they find out the inspector isnt real and all the family are happy, she still feels extremely bad and tells her family that we should change our ways although the inspector wasnt real he still spoke some truth and we should realise that we are treating people wrong. She isnt afraid of admit she is wrong and this is who Priestley uses to get his point across and help audiences to think about their personal experiences and change. The inspector isnt just bothered about facts that prove legal guilt but more of moral responsibility. This fits in with Priestleys underlying message as he wants people to change their views and think more about if they are being morally correct. The inspector, in his final speech, talks about there may be only one Eva Smith but there are millions more like her he is talking about social classes there and telling the Birlings and the audience that we need to help them. He doesnt just question the family but he also questions the class system and the attitudes they represent. He uses the family to show what is going wrong and right with the country. He uses Sheila to show that the young are changing there views which is good as they will pass it down so will mean that the problem might have disappeared in future years. But he also talks about poverty and that rich business men, like Mr Birling, arent doing anything to help the poor. In the inspectors final speech he predicts the first and second world wars which acts like a symbolism. He comments that if men dont learn there lesson soon they will learn it in blood and fire and anguish. This shows he predicts there will be a war if men carry on their ways. When the inspector leaves we still dont find out who he is. This leaves it as a bit of a mystery but he still makes a dramatic impact on the characters and audience. The way he isnt a real inspector adds to the dramatic impact. From the stage directions after the inspector leaves it shows how much of an impact he has had on the family and on the audience. Immediately after he leaves the family are stood there in thought. This is shown in the stage directions as it comments on all characters such as Sheila were it says Sheila is still quietly crying. This time were all the characters are in thought acts like a time for the audience to reflect on pass experiences and think about how they are going to treat people in future. The younger generation react to the inspector better then the older generation as they are much more willing to change their views and accept that the inspector is right, whereas the older generation feel that they dont have to change their ways as the inspector wasnt real so none of it counts. There is a final twist at the end of the play when they find out that a real inspector is coming around to ask them a few questions concerning the suicide of a girl. This would appeal to the audience as they would have wanted to see some justice. This is the effect of the inspector as even though the crimes werent legal crimes and just moral crimes the audience see them as crimes that should be punished. At the end of the play I immediately thought about how I treat people. It showed that Priestleys achieved his dramatic purpose. Although the inspector is not a realistic person it doesnt take anything away from the point of the play. After the play I didnt feel that because the inspector wasnt realistic that there wasnt anything to think about I still considered it very real and that it is important to think about personal past experiences and think about your views. I think the way the underlying message is put across is very clear and I think it would have challenged peoples thoughts. Priestleys techniques of getting his message a very successful and which makes the message clear and precise. I think this play is very good at getting its message across. Although it isnt as action packed as a modern audience would expect I still think it would be a good play to see and it would definitely help you to change your views.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

The performance management system of Colbran Medical Institute Essay

The performance management system of Colbran Medical Institute - Essay Example They tend to contribute towards their organization staunchly and scrupulously only when they are motivated, and their contributions are valued and appreciated by their organization. Valuing ones contribution and supporting their initiatives is possible only when an organization realizes its employees’ contribution in a way it should be realized. This is possible with proper implementation of an objective performance management system. Using objective measures of performance evaluation makes employees clear that organization follows procedural justice and rewards them according to their contribution. The end result of objective performance evaluation is motivation, commitment, encouragement, job satisfaction, and greater employee retention that contribute towards organization’s profitability in the long run. Moreover, with objective performance appraisal followed by good reward administration makes employees loyal and more committed towards their respective organizations . Thus, we can say that objective performance evaluation followed by performance appraisal accompanied with proper reward administration makes employees motivated and committed towards the organization. ... When organizations communicate their employees the performance standards and key performance indicators clearly, that helps businesses in achieving competitive advantage because employees with a clear goal of what is expected of them, in terms of their performance, become more devoted and committed towards the organization. They tend to direct their behaviors in a direction that lead towards successful completion of their tasks. In addition to this, with management by objectives (MBO) and clear performance standards, employees get a clear track and set their individual goals in chase of achieving organizational objectives. According to Armstrong (2000), performance management is a shared process between employees and managers. In huge organizations, managers set clear objectives and performance standards, and communicate them to the employees so that they can direct their behaviors towards the accomplishment of organizational goals. However, the basic purpose of performance managemen t as outlined by Armstrong (2000) is the establishment and identification of the means of getting better output or results at individual, team, and organizational level by communicating the performance standards and objectives clearly to each of the entity whose contribution towards the organization is considered as worthy and important. According to Philpott and Sheppard (1992), the fundamental goal of the implementation and establishment of performance management system is to develop an organizational culture that nurtures employees for continuous improvement of business processes and their own skills, knowledge, and abilities. Providence of a guideline and development of a working ladder is

Friday, November 1, 2019

Reflective Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflective Portfolio - Essay Example The understanding of how students, students, businesses and companies interact with each other before, during and after the internship is limited. Each stakeholder may have a different role of the internship. Each one will have the way they would like to interact with each other for information and content. Availability of adequate information would provide a better way of their interaction and increase the benefits. In the universities, the most important stakeholders are the employers. The role of higher education in many universities in the developed countries is been strengthened so that at the end it will contribute to the growth of the economy. Such focus by the government is to ensure that the universities are fulfilling the moral purpose they are entitled to. Of the methods used by the government is to initiate and implement performance funding to the universities. Any employer will require fresh graduates to have some form of experience before been employed. Work experience teaches the students something that makes one access skills to apply in the job market (Shah and Nair) These institutions tend to have dissatisfaction to the employer with attributes with the university graduates they do recruit from the universities. The attributes of the graduates are understood as general skills with knowledge and ability beyond the one gained at the tertiary level of the studies. The range of attributes tend to vary from simple technical skills to the intellectual skills that are complex. The top five attributes that an employer will consider in employee include communication skills, interpersonal skills, intelligence and personality (Gault, Leach and Duey). It examines the patterns of interaction between the individual and the working environment. The field theory developed by Lewin Can be can be expressed as B = f (p,e), where B is used

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Global Warming and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Warming and Religion - Essay Example Two thirds of the overall increase in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere since the 19th century has occurred since 1980. The environmental experts are certain of the fact that the increase in global warming is due to the rising concentrations of the greenhouse gases that are produced as a result of different human activities such as burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The increasing debates regarding global warming have raised a question whether the action to reduce global warming is a theological and moral imperative or a matter of human and environmental expediency. The following paper would analyse the situation from both perspectives and it would be inferred whether the action to reduce global warming is linked with religion. There are a number of factors that have led the people to consider the religious and moral aspects of the actions to reduce global warming. A number of people hold the perspective that had everyone followed the religion properly the situation of global warming would not have arisen. The religion provides comprehensive details regarding the right way of life but these teachings have been ignored by the people and the global warming is one of the consequences of such ignorance.... It is one of the attributes held by the people who are inclined towards the religion. However people who do not follow the teachings of the religion properly moved towards luxury and in order to have an easier life, and they started to consume the natural resources in order to have luxuries. The scientists and environmental experts are certain that the main reason behind global warming is the consumption of fossil fuels and deforestation. In order to have luxurious ways of life, people got involved in the consumption of such rare resources and the situation has gotten worse ever since. Therefore, people who are inclined towards religion exercise simplicity which in itself is an action to reduce global warming (Stafford 1998). Stewardship of God’s Creation It is a common belief that stewardship of God’s creation is a biblical principle therefore man is responsible to take care of everything that has been bestowed upon him by God. The Earth and its many resources can be r egarded as God’s creation therefore man should ensure that all these resources are taken care of. However, the very cause of the global warming has been disclosed as the exploitation of natural resources. Each creation by God holds some purpose on Earth and moving it from its place may hold certain consequences, and this is being observed today in the form of rising global warming. Thus, the stewardship of God’s creation is one biblical principle that shows that the action to reduce global warming has a strong theological perspective (Nolen 2004). Rights of Non-Human Creatures The religion teaches that the rights of the inanimate planet and its non-human creatures are considered to be highly

Monday, October 28, 2019

Pre Columbian America Essay Example for Free

Pre Columbian America Essay There is no certain answers as to how pre columbian natives got to America. There are many theories based on hard evidence. The Paleo-Indians, archaeologists refer to as the first americans. At this point there was no official scripture in their society. Paleo Indians seemed to have paved the way for many other cultures to settle. All though in many cases these native settlers were very different from one another, they also had a plethora of similarities. Most of the tribes in the new world all believed in the same work ethic. Woman would gather, care for their children, and maintain the household, while men hunted for food. When Paleo Indians, or other tribes would run into each other along the way, they followed the principle of reciprocity. This means they would have a mutual bestowing of gifts, favors, etc. Rather than the notion that one party accumulate profits or power at the expense of the other. These encounters enabled Paleo Indians to develop a broad cultural life that transcended their small bands (5). When hunting, American natives preferred to travel in groups capable of taking down big mammals. Mammals such as Mammoths, Mastodons, and giant species of horses, camels, bison, caribou, and moose. All the settlers had to eventually deal with climate change over time, which could affect the food chain, and cultivation of the areas crops. around 4000 B. C. E. Natives began to evolve their Paleo ways. Once the glaciers began to melt and move northward, â€Å"Archaic peoples,† flourished in these newer areas. Most of the time these areas became rich with food, water, and natural resources. Around 2500-1500 B. C. E most natives moved on from their predecessors ways. Most of these natives excelled in the cultivation of crops. They were capable of producing more food for one area, so it was easy to have more people in a smaller town. This surplus of crops made it easier for different communities of larger populations to band a bond of trade. Not only did these natives begin trading surplus resources, but they began to trade customs, religious beliefs, and ideas. Sometimes dozens of communities would come together and form larger towns. The Aztecs and Incas took it even further and formed two separate empires. Natives all took agriculture very seriously. Domesticating crops, made it possible for communities to have healthier, and more sufficient food. Some tribes have chiefs in charge of a few, if not many communities. These leaders make many decisions for the community, this is called chiefdoms. Prime examples of societies that run like that are indicas, mayans, and aztecs. The mayans developed a numerical system, with the concept of zero. They also developed a calendar, a system of phonetic, and hieroglyphic writing. The Incas, another powerhouse society mastered the art of using the terrain of their community to help create irrigation systems to make it easier to water crops faster. The Incas had strong agriculture, and had much surplus to trade. Although not every society based their lives off of only agriculture. Some native societies, are non farming societies. What these societies do is fish for salmon and collect other wild food resource and stockpile to last the year. These non farming communities would fish in freshwater rivers, to the salt water sea. Catching mammals of the sea, whales, shellfish, etc. Also spent much time hunting land mammals for fur, and food. Crops are not these societies number one concern. Also, Most natives hail from an extended family Native Americans believed in nature and all of its wonders. They believed that everything living is connected. When they killed their prey, they asked for pardon, and gave thanks. Native Americans never saw themselves as single peoples, the term indian did not come until the arrival of europeans in 1492 (22). These natives first inhabiting america lived very similar lives from one another. Most natives hail from an extended family. The tribes took agriculture, hunting, and beliefs very seriously. They all seemed to adapt to environmental changes as time went on in their settlements. Of course when natives first got to America they all experienced different hardships, but overcame them in their own ways. As I read chapter one, by the end of it I realized that most of the tribes individually contributed their knowledge to overcome hardships in history. And they shared these contributions with one another to help each community grow. For instance, Mayans created their numerical system, and Indicas with their irrigation systems, etc. These natives seemed to all have great work ethic, a will to live, and a will to express their beliefs. They all settled areas of untouched land, and created their own societies, and their own futures. American natives banded together to create opportunity, and sought after a better life for themselves. Pre- Columbian Native Americans were not the savages the Europeans described them to be. Native Americans were intelligent, hard working, and misunderstood people.