Friday, May 31, 2019

Plant And Animal Cells Essay -- Biology Biological Cells Essays

congeal and Animal Cells I. IntroductionAll organisms in deportment are composed of at least(prenominal) one or more(prenominal) jail cadres. Cells are the primary units of life. there are one-third mainfeatures of a mobile phoneular telephone. First, all organisms consist of one or morecells. Second, cells are the smallest units of life and terce,cells arise only from preexisting cells. These three facts arereferred to as the cell theory.All cells bottom be categorized into two staple fibre cell types. They are prokaryotic and eucaryotic. To distinguish where cellsare laid in the two categories, what is inside the cell must send-off be looked at. Every cell, each prokaryotic or eukaryoticall contain basic cell parts. They are a plasma membrane,cytoplasm, DNA (the genetic material), and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells have a simple structure and they are usuallysmaller than eukaryotic cells. Also, most prokaryotic cellscontain a cell wall. In addition to having the basic cell parts,eukaryotic cells likewise contain a membrane-bounded nucleus and cellorganelles. The membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryoticcells, separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm.Most of the cells we employ in the experiments held, weremulticellular or consisting of more than one cell. A variety ofcells were employ in completing the experiments. We used unioncells, cheek cells, white potato vine cells, and Elodeo cells. We also usedPlanaria which is a unicellular organism. Many stains and dyeswere used in the experiments. They were weewee, methylene blue,salts, and iodine. In our studies of cells, we conducted three experiments totest the contrastive features of cells. The first two experimentswere on how membranes were selectively permeable, diffusion, andosmosis. To test this, we set up two experiments. The firstexperiment we set up had three cups. In each cup a potato sliceand a different liquid was put in. In the first cup was filledwith distilled water. The sec ond cup was filled with salt waterand the third was left empty. We left these cups sit for twenty-four hours and then we notice them.The second experiment we set up involved dialysis tubingwhich was acting like a membrane. In the dialysis tubing we puta liquid that was make of starches and sugars. We then put thedialysis tubing into a beaker of water wh... ...c solution and sucked up some of the water in thecells. When we observed the cheek cells we found they were verydifferent from the whole works cells. The nucleus was in the middle ofthe cheek cells and there were a few cell organelles. ThePlanaria cell was all red and had lines running deal it. In thiscell though, the nucleus was not present.The plant cells and animal cells were very different. Inthe plant cells there was motion of cell parts but in the animalcells there was no motion. Also, the nucleus and chloroplast ofthe plant cell were towards the outside of the cell because thechloroplast can receive sunlight split u p on the outside of thecell than on the inside. In the animal cells though, the nucleusand cell organelles, were towards the middle of the cell.III. ConclusionsAll organisms in life are made of at least one or morecells. Cells are the basic units to life. Without cells lifecannot exist. In our experiments we went to look how cellsfunction and what are their features. In finding thisinformation, I know have a better understanding of how cellsfunction and their specific features. Plant And Animal Cells Essay -- Biology Biological Cells EssaysPlant and Animal Cells I. IntroductionAll organisms in life are composed of at least one or morecells. Cells are the basic units of life. There are three mainfeatures of a cell. First, all organisms consist of one or morecells. Second, cells are the smallest units of life and third,cells arise only from preexisting cells. These three facts arereferred to as the cell theory.All cells can be categorized into two basic cell types. The y are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. To distinguish where cellsare placed in the two categories, what is inside the cell mustfirst be looked at. Every cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryoticall contain basic cell parts. They are a plasma membrane,cytoplasm, DNA (the genetic material), and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells have a simple structure and they are usuallysmaller than eukaryotic cells. Also, most prokaryotic cellscontain a cell wall. In addition to having the basic cell parts,eukaryotic cells also contain a membrane-bounded nucleus and cellorganelles. The membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryoticcells, separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm.Most of the cells we used in the experiments held, weremulticellular or consisting of more than one cell. A variety ofcells were used in completing the experiments. We used unioncells, cheek cells, potato cells, and Elodeo cells. We also usedPlanaria which is a unicellular organism. Many stains and dyeswere used in the experiments. They we re water, methylene blue,salts, and iodine. In our studies of cells, we conducted three experiments totest the different features of cells. The first two experimentswere on how membranes were selectively permeable, diffusion, andosmosis. To test this, we set up two experiments. The firstexperiment we set up had three cups. In each cup a potato sliceand a different liquid was put in. In the first cup was filledwith distilled water. The second cup was filled with salt waterand the third was left empty. We left these cups sit for twenty-four hours and then we observed them.The second experiment we set up involved dialysis tubingwhich was acting like a membrane. In the dialysis tubing we puta liquid that was made of starches and sugars. We then put thedialysis tubing into a beaker of water wh... ...c solution and sucked up some of the water in thecells. When we observed the cheek cells we found they were verydifferent from the plant cells. The nucleus was in the middle ofthe cheek cell s and there were a few cell organelles. ThePlanaria cell was all red and had lines running down it. In thiscell though, the nucleus was not present.The plant cells and animal cells were very different. Inthe plant cells there was motion of cell parts but in the animalcells there was no motion. Also, the nucleus and chloroplast ofthe plant cell were towards the outside of the cell because thechloroplast can receive sunlight better on the outside of thecell than on the inside. In the animal cells though, the nucleusand cell organelles, were towards the middle of the cell.III. ConclusionsAll organisms in life are made of at least one or morecells. Cells are the basic units to life. Without cells lifecannot exist. In our experiments we went to look how cellsfunction and what are their features. In finding thisinformation, I know have a better understanding of how cellsfunction and their specific features.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

The New England Lobstering Profession: Components and Optimal conditions for a Successful Harvest :: Essays Papers

The New England Lobstering Profession Components and Optimal conditions for a Successful Harvest calculate the aroma of ocean air, fog horns sounding, sea birds singing and coast winds blowing while you float across the waves of the Atlantic Ocean in Maine. Lobstering thrives in the Gulf of Maine collect in large part to favorable lobster habitat. Rocky coasts and cobbley bottoms allow young lobsters to hide from their predators such as small coastal fish, crabs and even separate lobsters. Interestingly, the gulf of Maine has seen a huge increase in lobster populations in the 1990s. This population pressure is causing young lobsters to move from secure cobble to the Gulfs abundant sandy bottoms. Consequently, lobstermen are following. The Maine lobster, a crustacean from the family Homarus americanus, is found on the east coast of the Atlantic from Newfoundland to North Carolina. It is shy, nocturnal and armed to the teeth. Lobsters are found throughout the Gulf of Maine, both out at sea and near the coast. They are one of the highest value commercial species fished for in the Gulf of Maine states and provinces. erst considered a trash fish, suitable only for indentured servants and prisoners, lobsters have become a popular delicacy on many a seaside dining compartments plate.Maine lobster is easily distinguishable from the spiny lobster commonly called rock lobster caught along the southern Atlantic Coast and the coast of California by its large baleful claws. The spiny lobster has tiny claws and is usually marketed as uncooked frozen tails. Because of its sweet, delicious flavor and decenniumder texture, many believe that Maine lobster is the worlds most prized catch.Lobsters cultivate about five to seven years to reach marketable size. The females produce eggs each summer when water temperatures reach 56 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. As many as 10,000 eggs are fertilized as they are extruded onto the females stomach. Here, they lay in a tight bundle until they hatch nine to ten months later. As larvae, lobsters travel great distances. The tiny larvae feed and swim vertically for thirty to fifty days in the water, carried by currents. After this stage, larvae settle shovel in to become bottom dwelling lobsters. As they mature, they use their claws to crack open the shells of snails and mollusks and will eat either algae or remains of dead animals as well.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Literature for Use in Classroom Essay -- Education Educating Children

Literature for Use in Classroom Donna E. Nortons purpose in her book is intended to help adults discover slipway to share their enchantment with books, our literary heritage, and an appreciation for literature that will last a lifetime (v). T distributivelyers share that same goal. In selecting literature for a classroom, teachers look at to take in account the pursual the schools standards and benchmarks, the adopted sequential curriculum, the age of the pupils, their stages of language, cognitive, personality, and social development. Teachers need to have the literature curriculum set for the year, but flexile enough to meet the needs of the students in the classroom. Using the schools standards is the first step in deciding how to use literature in the classroom. Standards tell what students should know and be able to do at each grade level in order to graduate and become productive lifelong learners. Standards exist in each content area with benchmarks compose and aligned d evelopmentally with each content area and grade levels. This criteria is what teachers use daily in their teaching process to coiffure sure students are learning what is expected. During all this time, teachers need to continue to ask what is it that students know and should be able to do? The most important consideration may be that children are the ultimate critics of what they read, and you should consider their preferences when evaluating and selecting books to share with them (137). Teachers need to visualize the students picture or perception of literature choices to best teach. Just teaching the genuine does non ensure that students will choose to learn.Looking at, or meeting the needs of all students, teachers must use a variety of literature material and instructional techniques. The general characteristics of children at each developmental stage provides clues for appropriate literature. Certain books can benefit children during a particular stage of development, help ing the children come to the next stage (5). Child development is defined through the language, cognitive, personality, and social development of children (5). A literature program should have five objectives (110). 1). to help students pee-pee that literature is for entertainment and can be enjoyed throughout life (110) 2). to assist students in acquainting children with t... ...r-pencil tests. Today, evaluation procedures can take place through obsevations, conferencing, oral and written assignments, student self and peer evaluation, and process or performance assessment. Teachers should contrive to use a variety of evaluation techniques. Evaluation in literature, should include not only evaluation of student progress and teacher instruction, but also of the texts or books used.The different types of literature used in a classroom includes the following traditional literature, modern fantasy, peotry, contemporary realistic fiction, historical fiction, multicultural literature and non fictions biographies and or informational books. Teachers may set a yearly literature instructional plan by themes and or the above types of literature. The literature units may go accross the curriculum and align with all subjects. A picture wordless book may be used with an art unit. The theming may go from a personal context in literature looking at heritage integrated with social studies. During the year, student interest and abilities may determine the direction and content of instructional units. Most important units must be relevant and meaningful to students.

Essay --

Herman Melvilles novel Moby Dick can be read as a green novel because Melville brought up in 1851 what we would still consider ecological issues today. Melville was not afraid to cause a little controversy in his time, oddly when talking about whaling, and so with whaling comes the discussion of the health of marine life. Even though Melville plays with controversial topics all throughout the novel such as religion, freewill, and equity, some other theme emphasized in the book is, of course, about the whales and marine life. The novel is set during the early to mid 1800s in New Bedford, the largest whaling port at the time. Melville plunges the reader deep into the controversial industry we recognize as whaling by making the novel revolve around one task getting revenge on Moby Dick, the white whale. Even by just initially setting the stage of Moby Dick in New Bedford, Melville prepared for commenting on the whaling industry. By pushing limits and by publishing one of the first c riticisms and explorations of the whaling industry, Melville turns Moby Dick into a layered novel, in which issues concerning nature are a significant layer. Melville recognizes what the slaughter of whales is enacting and by utilizing his words, text, and language, Melville recognizes a big global movement and issue. What began as a farming settlement that found success in maritime, factory industries and the manufacturing of lights came to be considered the wealthiest port and the city that lit the world. This was the elflike town of New Bedford, Massachusetts, where amazing quantities of whale oil came from in the early 19th century. However, New Bedfords success also led to its decline due to competitors and a decline in manufacturing aft... ..., 20 thousand or more blue whales were killed, and at the same time, the North Pacific gray whale nation was reduced form 15-20,000 whales to a couple thousand (Estes 303). The problem with whales however, is that so little is known about the effects and consequences of whaling both to the extent of the remaining community of whales and on the depletion of the populations effect on the environment (Estes 1).What little we do know, however, is that patterns of declining marine mammal populations, such as populations of pinnipeds and sea otters, have emerged in nature right after the deterioration of whaling in the North Pacific. It is theorized that a shift in diet and pabulum webs is the major factor to the patterns of declining marine populations since food webs and predatory to prey interactions are critical for abundance and healthy population (Estes 2, 67).

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Panic Disorder Essay -- essays research papers fc

I. IntroductionA.Panic malady brings on the fastest and most complex changes known in the human body.B.My purpose today is to inform you on panic disorder.C.It concerns you because 1/3 of totally Americans founder a panic attack by the term theyre adults, and 3 out of 4 dont receive the treatment they need. D.Today I will discuss1.Facts about panic disorder2.Symptoms3.Causes and risk factors4.TreatmentsII. BodyA.Facts about panic disorder1.Mimics some medical conditions causing years of misdiagnosis. Almost everyone who panics believes they have a serious physical unsoundness and goes to 10 or more doctors until they are finally diagnosed. 2.7.2% of all adults or 1 in 15 have panic disorder. 3.1/3 of all Americans have at least one panic attack, being women. 4.Its the most common emotional disorder, more common than alcohol abuse or depression. 5.Often leads to other complications (i.e. phobias, depression, and even suicide. )a.1 out of every 5 untreated sufferers attempt to e nd their life, never knowing there was treatment. 6.Violent poisons or traumatic injuries have less effect on the body than a panic attack does. B.Symptoms1.Panic attack- reaches maximum intensity within a flash or two of beginning and diminish slowly over 10 minutes to as long as several hours and occur as much(prenominal) as several times a day to several times a month and can occur in harmless situations and in a lot of cases, wakening you from sleep. a.Raging heartbeatb.Difficulty breathing, feeling as though you cant get enough airc.Dizziness, lightheadedness, or sicknessd.Trembling, sweating, shakinge.Choking, chest painsf.Hot flashes or sudden chillsg.&nb... ...ately in the first day or two of treatment. (Ex Xanaz, Ativan, and Klonopin.)III. ConclusionA.Today I have informed you on.a.Important facts about panic disorderb.Many of the symptomsc.Causes and risk factors d.Treatments B.Today my purpose was to inform you on panic disorder and explain to you that 3 out of 4 peop le with Panic disorder are never treated. C.Thank you for your time. BibliographyAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Mental Help Net- Information- Symptoms- Panic Disorder. Available http//mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?case=doc&id=568. (5/3/02).Anxiety and Panic Hub. (1998-2002). Anxiety and Panic Hub- anxiety attacks, panic attacks. Available http//www.paems.com.au/about/anxdis/dissociation.html. (4/30/02).Anxiety/Panic Attack vision Site. (1997-2002). Understanding Panic Disorder. Available www.anxietypanic.com. (4/28/02).GlaxoSmithKline. (1997-2002). Paxil- Your Life Is Waiting. Available http//www.paxil.com/. (4/27/02).

Panic Disorder Essay -- essays research papers fc

I. IntroductionA.Panic disorder brings on the fastest and most complex changes known in the tender body.B.My purpose today is to inform you on panic disorder.C.It concerns you because 1/3 of all Americans harbor a panic attack by the time theyre adults, and 3 come on of 4 dont receive the treatment they need. D.Today I will discuss1.Facts about panic disorder2.Symptoms3.Causes and venture factors4.TreatmentsII. BodyA.Facts about panic disorder1.Mimics some medical conditions causing years of misdiagnosis. Almost everyone who panics believes they have a serious physical illness and goes to 10 or more mercantilismtors until they are finally diagnosed. 2.7.2% of all adults or 1 in 15 have panic disorder. 3.1/3 of all Americans have at least one panic attack, being women. 4.Its the most common emotional disorder, more common than alcohol abuse or depression. 5. very much leads to other complications (i.e. phobias, depression, and even suicide. )a.1 out of every 5 untreated suffere rs attempt to end their life, never knowing there was treatment. 6.Violent poisons or traumatic injuries have less effect on the body than a panic attack does. B.Symptoms1.Panic attack- reaches maximum intensity within a minute or two of beginning and diminish slowly over 10 minutes to as long as several hours and occur as much as several times a day to several times a month and can occur in harmless situations and in a flowerpot of cases, wakening you from sleep. a.Raging heartbeatb.Difficulty breathing, feeling as though you cant get enough airc.Dizziness, lightheadedness, or nausead.Trembling, sweating, agitatee.Choking, chest painsf.Hot flashes or sudden chillsg.&nb... ...ately in the first day or two of treatment. (Ex Xanaz, Ativan, and Klonopin.)III. ConclusionA.Today I have conscious you on.a.Important facts about panic disorderb.Many of the symptomsc.Causes and risk factors d.Treatments B.Today my purpose was to inform you on panic disorder and explain to you that 3 out o f 4 people with Panic disorder are never treated. C.Thank you for your time. BibliographyAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Mental Help Net- Information- Symptoms- Panic Disorder. Available http//mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=568. (5/3/02).Anxiety and Panic Hub. (1998-2002). Anxiety and Panic Hub- anxiety attacks, panic attacks. Available http//www.paems.com.au/about/anxdis/dissociation.html. (4/30/02).Anxiety/Panic Attack Resource Site. (1997-2002). accord Panic Disorder. Available www.anxietypanic.com. (4/28/02).GlaxoSmithKline. (1997-2002). Paxil- Your Life Is Waiting. Available http//www.paxil.com/. (4/27/02).

Monday, May 27, 2019

Boat: Symbolism in Never Let Me Go Essay

Most people have dreams of becoming astronauts, doctors or painters but Hailsham students grow up knowing that they wont get to live a normal life. They will donate electronic organs until they die. Kazuo Ishiguros novel Never Let Me Go is about a dystopian society in Great Britain. It breeds clvirtuosod children for organ donations. Ishiguro uses a unique style of storytelling in which the protagonist Kathy narrates her memories of childhood at Hailsham to Adulthood and becoming a c arer. bandage describing the unique incidents, Kathy simultaneously narrates details about donations, donors and relationship, but manages to keep a sense of mystery throughout the story. In the 19th Chapter, the lecturer understands that the characters are organ donors and will inevitably die soon. Kathy, Tommy and Ruth take a road trip to see an abandoned sauce gravy boat after which the three have an mad talk and face their fears. The boat is a powerful symbol that represents Hailsham, the lives o f the donors, their past and future. To understand the symbolism in the novel, this essay will focus on the themes of death, ignorance, public opinion system and free will. Hailshams students are ignorant, and taught to ignore their fears.The boat represents a broken life, a life in which you are only permitted to dream, whereas your future is decided. The boat symbolizes the mystery of origin of the donors. Students at Hailsham are trained not to be inquisitive. Their lessons are planned and the main issue of organ donation was never forceful enough. They are distant to feelings and brainwashed told but not told (74). Ishiguros style of writing was casual when discussing donations and life after Hailsham. Hailsham an institution run by nonpublic funding is very similar to the boat. Tommy compares the boat to Hailsham which is now closed. Maybe this is what Hailsham looks wish now (205). It is segregated, stands alone in the marshlands just like Hailsham Hailsham protects the st udents from outside world which believes that the clones are not human beings, on the whole around the country, at this very moment, there are students being reared in deplorable condition, conditions Hailsham students could hardly imagine (238) just like the boat protects the sailor from the oceanic forces. A human belief system is a product to complement their respective comfort zone.Even though the girls knew that the sequestered guard is not real, they believed in Ruthand played along, just for the sake of excitement. Ruths lying or Tommys belief in deferrals and the emotions he went through when he unders to a faultd that deferral was just a myth If the rumor was never true, then why did you take all our stuff out? Didnt the Gallery exist either? (237). This is symbolized by the boat The abandoned broken boat represents a broken life, hopelessness broken by the forces it is subjected to. All the donors are very obsessed to find their possible. you could tell people were fasc inated obsessed, in some cases- and so it (subject of possible) kept coming up usually in solemn arguments (127). Kathys character in the story is emotionally reserved. She finds it difficult to make decisions, and she does not speak openly about what she rattling feels. This characteristic helps her not to think about the short life and the bleak future. She lives life with some short lived happiness. Kathy has a very original personality different Ruths, who tries to impress and act like the veterans do. Ishiguro does not discuss Ruths death immediately after the 19th chapter but rather lets the reader focus on Kathys and Tommys sufferings. Ruths death is emotional and it would overshadow Kathys and Tommys struggle. Like the donors the boat went through a lot of struggle perhaps even saved lives, yet the origin of the boat is a mystery, just like the donors who probably saved lives but no one cares about them, their origin is a mystery.The boat was once a life saver and guardian but now it is wrecked and is of no use. The donors too will face the same fate of the boat they will save lives and die alone. Perhaps thats why it is very popular object among the donors. The boat is a powerful symbol in the novel because even though it represents protection, and survival, if broken and abandoned it becomes a symbol of loneliness, no one cares about it, its origins becomes a mystery- even unnecessary and the forces it has faced in the ocean become meaningless. The boat represents the lives of Kathy, Ruth and Tommy. It is also Hailsham their protector in the sea it is Tommys hope for survival- his unequivocal belief in the deferral system it represents Kathys search for a possible, the boats origin is also a mystery. The boat projects their future that no matter how hard they try and dream- their fate is sealed. They are helpless once exposed to the ocean. They are going to die, left abandoned like the boat. No one is going to care about them.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Closed Head Injury

Closed Head Injury Case Study Y. W. is a 23-year-old male student from Thailand studying electrical engineering at the university. He was ejected from a moving vehicle, which was traveling 70 mph. His injuries included a severe closed head flaw with an occipital hematoma, zygomorphous wrist fractures, and a right pneumothorax. During his neurologic intensive c be unit (NICU) stay, Y. W. was intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation, had a feeding thermionic tube inserted and was placed on tube feedings, had a Foley catheter to down drain (DD), and had multiple IVs inserted. He developed pneumonia 1 month after admission.Closed Head Injuries Closed head injuries result from a blow to the head as buy the farms, for example, in a car accident when the head strikes the windshield or dashboard. These injuries ca exercise two types of brain damage. 1. Define the landmark primary head injury. A primary head injury (or primary impact) is also hit the sackn as a coup injury. The i njury occurs under the settle of impact with an object such as a hammer or a rock. The brain strikes the skull after the head strikes the object of impact (Lewis, et al, Fig 57-14). This is the set of the direct impact of the brain on the skull.Often there is edema around the site of impact. 2. Define the term secondary head injury. The secondary head injury is also known as contrecoup injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was impacted. These injuries tend to be more severe and overall patient of prospect depends on the list of bleeding around the contusion site (Lewis, et al, 1425). Often it is the secondary brain injuries that show few initial symptoms and then have stark side effects days to weeks later. 3. What is normal intracranial insisting (ICP), and why is change magnitude ICP so clinically important?Normal intracranial pressure ranges from 5 to 15 mm Hg. A sustained pressure in a higher place the upper limit is considered abnormal. Pressure changes in t he brain effect the brains compliance. compliancy is the expandability of the brain With low compliance, small changes in volume occur and result in greater increases in pressure. Elevated intracranial pressure is clinically meaningful beca employment it diminishes CPP, increases risks of brain ischemia and infarction, and is associated with a poor prognosis (Lewis, et al, p. 1425-1427). 4. Identify at least five signs and symptoms (S/S) of increased ICP. signs and symptoms of increased ICP are Decreased LOC (level of consciousness) Respiratory problems (maintaining a patent airway is critical in the patient with increased ICP. Pt is at increased risk of airway obstruction (Lewis, et al, p. 1434). Elevated systolic BP collectible to ischemia and pressure on the brainstem. Bradycardia due to the ischemia and pressure on the brainstem as well. Pulmonary edema due to increased sympathetic exercise as a result of increased intercranial pressure. 5. List 4 medicinal drug classificat ions that the ICU nurses could use to lessening or control increased ICP.Some of the medications that the ICU nurses could use to decrease or control increased ICP would be Opioids (morphine sulfate and fent alll) IV anesthetic sedative propofol (Diprivan) to manage anxiety and unrest. Vecuronium (Norcuron), cisatracurium besylate (Nimbex) nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents achieve nail down ventilatory control in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension. (These agents paralyze muscles without blocking pain or noxious stimuli, therefore they are used in combination with sedatives, analgesics, or benzodiazepines (Lewis, p. 436)). Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) alpha-2 agonist used for continuous IV sedation of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU setting for up to 24 hours. Benzodiazepines are usually avoided in the ICU in management of the patient with increased ICP because of the hypotensive effect and long half-life. (Lewis, et al, p. 14 36). 6. List 8 nursing measures that the ICU nurses could use to decrease or control increased ICP. * Maintain the patient in the head-up position. Elevation of the head of the bed reduces sagittal sinus pressure, promotes drainage from the head via the valveless venous system through the jugular veins, and decreases the vascular congestion that crumb produce cerebral edema (Lewis, et al, p. 1436) * Position the bed so that it lowers the ICP while optimizing the CPP not above 30 degrees. * Turn the patient with slow, gentle movements. Rapid changes in position may increase ICP. * Avoid extreme hip flexionthis risks raising intra-abdominal pressure which increases ICP. Turn pt every 2 hrs (minimum). * Protect the patient with ICP from self-injury with adequate padding on the bed.Because of likelihood of decreased LOC, confusion, agitation, and the possibility of seizures increase the risk for injury. * Be prepared to explain situations to family and caregivers and the patient. With increased ICP, anxiety is likely and the prognosis can be distressing. By providing short, simple explanations that are appropriate, it allows the patient and the caregiver to acquire the amount of information they desire (Lewis, p. 1438). * Decorticate or decerebrate posturing is a reflex response in nearly patients with increased ICP. The nurse can use turning, struggle care, and even passive range of motion. Monitor eloquent and electrolyte status. Disturbances can have an adverse effect on ICP. Closely monitor IV fluids with the use of an unblemished intravenous infusion control device or pump monitor intake and output and daily weights. (Lewis, et al, 1437) * Perform neurological assessments every hour. 7. Y. W. s medication list includes clindamycin 150 mg per feeding tube q6h, ranitidine (Zantac elixir) 150 mg per feeding tube bid, and phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg IV ride (IVPB) tid. Indicate the reasons for each. Clindamycin 150 mg per feeding tube q6h Treatment of respi ratory tract infections to treat Y.W. s pneumonia. (Skyscape, 2012). Ranitidine (Zantac elixir) 150 mg per feeding tube BID Used to treat and prevent stress ulcers (stress-induced GI bleeding in critically ill patients). Due to head injury, overstimulation of the vagus nerve from TBI. phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg IVPB TID Used to treat and prevent tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial seizures. Seizure is seen in 5% of patients with a non-penetrating head injury (Lewis, et al, p. 1445). 8. A STAT movable chest x-ray (CXR) is ordered after each central venous catheter (CVC) is inserted.According to hospital protocol, no one is permitted to infuse anything through the catheter until the CXR has been read by the medico or radiologist. What is the purpose of the CXR, and why isnt fluid infused through the catheter until after the CXR is read? The chest x-ray confirms the proper placement of the central venous catheter. If fluid is infused through the catheter before a CXR has confi rmed placement, the patient is at high risk for systemic infection or possible pneumothorax (which would occur if the catheter were to be entered into the lung by mistake instead of the superior vena cava).CASE STUDY PROGRESS Y. W. spent 2 months in acute care and is now on your rehabilitation unit. He follows commands but tends to get agitated with too much stimulation. His tracheostomy site is well healed, and the pneumonia is finally resolving. He is allay receiving supplemental tube feeding and has some continued incontinence of both bowel and bladder. Y. W. has a supportive group of friends who are students at the university several of them are also from Thailand. 9. Y. W. s latest laboratory results are as follows Na 149 mmol/L, K 4. mmol/L, Cl 119 mmol/L, total CO2 21 mmol/L, BUN 12 mg/dl, creatinine 1. 2 mg/dl, glucose 123 mg/dl, leukocyte 15. 4 thou/cmm, Hgb 14. 9 g/dl, Hct 36. 4%, platelets 140 thou/cmm. Are any of these of concern to you, and what would you suggest to correct them? I am relate about 3 of the labs. Sodium high (increased) hypernatremia high sodium levels cause neurologic problems including intense thirst, lethargy, agitation, seizures, postural hypotension, weakness, and decreased skin turgor. Chloride High, increased High chloride levels occur because of increased sodium levels.It is important to correct the sodium level so the chloride level can follow suit. Again, hypernatremia and the nurse must watch out for dysrhythmias, HTN, and impaired mental response. Correcting increased sodium would include Hypotonic saline (via IV) and 5% dextrose in water (IV)- (Lewis, et al, p. 312) WBC count15. 4 increased this increased level indicates infection. This can be attributed to the patients diagnosis of Pneumonia. Administration of appropriate antibiotics will help bring the white count back to a normal level. 0. Are you surprised by Y. W. s agitated behavior? Explain. YMs agitation is of no surprise. Patients that have head injuries often express agitation easily. Increased intracranial pressure and the head injury the patient has experienced can cause agitated behavior to arise. It is imperative for the nurse to use interventions to decrease the agitated behavior which can further lead to feelings of anxiety. Providing a calm and non-stimulating environment, free of stressors, is a good way to do this (Lewis, et al, p. 1438).Also, the nurse can swipe the bed 15-30 degrees with appropriate oxygenation applied. 11. Outline a general rehabilitation plan for Y. W. based on the above data. The rehab plan will include -physical therapy- working on gross motor skills, walking, sitting, transferring, and range of motion -occupational therapy- aids in completion of ADLs and learning of new techniques to complete these tasks of daily living -nutrition- proper nutrition to encumber patient nourished and also consuming enough vitamins/minerals/proteins to aide in healing. nursing staff- administer antibiotics, pain med ications, and supportive care. -speech therapy- to evaluate and aide with swallowing, eating/drinking, and ultimately verbal communication improvements. 12. Y. W. s m otherwise has just arrived in the United States and speaks no English. What measures can be taken to facilitate communication between medical personnel and the mother? First and foremost the nurse should find out what spoken language is the mothers native language. Most people are unwitting but it is not safe to assume there is one language that will apply to an entire country.Quite a few countries speak a language based on their village. The nurse will requisite to acquire an interpreter that will speak the language that best suits the mother. If the patients friends/classmates are around, they can also be used to aid in interpretation and communication between health care staff and family. 13. Y. W. s mother will need a place to stay while in the United States. What can you do to facilitate the initial contact wi th the Thai community? Hopefully the other Thai students are around or could make a suggestion for the patients mother.I would also ask the social worker if they know of any thai-specific cultural centers in the area. I could check with the interpreter, and see if they have a lead. I would also google Thai community San Diego and see what I could find. 14. What special vent planning considerations are there in this case? Discharge considerations for this patient will involve knowing where the patient is discharging to. The nurse will need to know if the patient is staying in the US and continuing with follow-up outpatient rehab with our facility and if not, then where will they be.The nurse and other members of the healthcare/rehab team need to educate the patient on his injury and what comes next for him in terms of rehabilitation. The nurse needs to consider what modifications YM has made to his lifestyle post injury. Discharge planning should include an outpatient document for OT, PT and Speech (assuming he will stay here). Education for caregivers and family is also very important so that the patient has a support system on tap(predicate) during the recovery and rehabilitation process.The patient will need to be sent home with any tools he will need for ADLs, with medications or supplements that are still necessary for recovery. If the patient is in need of special services or devices (i. e. wheelchair, ramps, vehicle to accommodate special devices, etc. ), a case manager should be sought out to ensure that these needs are met. References Lewis, et al, (2011). Medical-Surgical Nursing Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. 8th ed. Vol 1. St Louis, Missouri Mosby. Skyscape. (2010). Skyscape Medical Resources (Version 1. 9. 11) Mobile application software. Retrieved from http//itunes. apple. com/

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Self Respect

ego-respect way of life to waste respect yourself. Its a bound that means something different to everyone one. But its something everyone wants, not many rescue, and few want to give out. Self respect is one of the most important set a person can have. To gain respect you have to be confident in yourself. to a fault you have to have respect for others to fully fulfill it. Self respect goes along with self esteem. The instruction you see yourself means everything in order to pee strong character. If you dont see yourself in a positive light then you dont really have respect for yourself.Many race seek attention in negative ship canal because they have a low self esteem. When community do this they are not respecting themselves and they are allowing populate to walk all everywhere them. For instance, girls who have paltry self esteem look for attention anyway they can. An example of how they would do this is by sleeping nearly with numerous guys that turn outs them the slightest bit of interest. They do this to make them tactile property loved and wanted but in reality it creates a good-for-naught name for them. Inevitably this has a bad effect causing them to feel point worse than before.So in the end you should always value yourself and be confident about whom you are because thats what really makes someone have self respect. The way you treat other passel is also a way of showing you have self respect. When you show people consideration for their problems and you actually listen to them when they slop your showing them you have respect for them and they will respect you back. This also goes along with not letting people disrespect you. Someone with self respect doesnt let someone treat them badly and when someone is disrespecting them they do something about it.For example, when someone walks all over you and you dont want to be speculate something because you dont want to loose that person your showing a sign of weakness. You should be qualified to confront that person and tell them how they are treating you bad and if they dont stop you just wont be around them anymore. When people do this it shows that you have true respect for yourself. In the end its authorise that people dont get far without self respect. Its what builds your character so you have to body forth all the attributes that go along with it. You have to have a positive self esteem and you have to be able to have respect for the people around you.Self RespectSelf-respect means to have respect yourself. Its a term that means something different to everyone one. But its something everyone wants, not many have, and few want to give out. Self respect is one of the most important values a person can have. To gain respect you have to be confident in yourself. Also you have to have respect for others to fully achieve it. Self respect goes along with self esteem. The way you see yourself means everything in order to build strong character. If you dont see yourself in a positive light then you dont really have respect for yourself.Many people seek attention in negative ways because they have a low self esteem. When people do this they are not respecting themselves and they are allowing people to walk all over them. For instance, girls who have poor self esteem look for attention anyway they can. An example of how they would do this is by sleeping around with numerous guys that shows them the slightest bit of interest. They do this to make them feel loved and wanted but in reality it creates a bad name for them. Inevitably this has a bad effect causing them to feel even worse than before.So in the end you should always value yourself and be confident about whom you are because thats what really makes someone have self respect. The way you treat other people is also a way of showing you have self respect. When you show people consideration for their problems and you actually listen to them when they talk your showing them you have respe ct for them and they will respect you back. This also goes along with not letting people disrespect you. Someone with self respect doesnt let someone treat them badly and when someone is disrespecting them they do something about it.For example, when someone walks all over you and you dont want to be say something because you dont want to loose that person your showing a sign of weakness. You should be able to confront that person and tell them how they are treating you bad and if they dont stop you just wont be around them anymore. When people do this it shows that you have true respect for yourself. In the end its clear that people dont get far without self respect. Its what builds your character so you have to embody all the attributes that go along with it. You have to have a positive self esteem and you have to be able to have respect for the people around you.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Well Hello There!

Dialogue (Feelings through words) Dialogue is one of the most powerful attributes an author can function while composing a story. It is a conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. Also, its the lines or passages in a paw that ar intended to be spoken. The practice session of this gives the referee the belief that they are part of the story. It is used throughout stories to convey the feeling of emotions.Writers use expressions in their writing to suggest that the character(s) are having some sort of inner feeling occurrence Whether it be from the author inserting some of his/her own words or the character talking, this proficiency gives the story more of a fluent feeling. With the story A communication with My Father, dialogue is used sufficiently throughout the reading. This is a literary work write in the form of a conversation. This conveys that this conversation between daughter and commence is continuously arguing about a topic.In the story A Good piece is Hard to Find, dialogue is used in the way so the ratifier visualizes what the characters are talking about. Dialogue contributes to the overall story to keep the lecturer in and aware of the moods the characters are experiencing it shows the true meaning behind the belief of the imagination. An reciprocation of ideas or opinions. Dialogue is a big contribution to the overall reading. It shows the inner linings of a story. In the story A parley with My Father, the dialogue is shown in the text through the talks between don and daughter.When the daughter says I say, yes, why non? Thats possible. I want to please him, though I dont remember her writing that way. I would like to try to tell such(prenominal) a story, if he means the kind that points which Ive always despised (Poley 1096). What the author does for this sequence of writing is the use of expression in the text. Even though this is writing on paper, the belief of emotion is seen. The daughter says I say, Yes, Why not? Thats possible the author wanted to convey the use of uplift and persuasion of the character and transfer that to the reader.Dialogue is shown in many ways. In A Good Man is Hard to Find, the author wants the reader to experience the story through the life and views of the Grandmother. She tried to convince her family to take a vacation to east Tennessee instead of Florida. Shown in the text, The Grandmother didnt want to go to Florida she wanted to go to visit some of her connections in east Tennessee and she was seizing at every chance to change Baileys mind (OConnor 1042). The author shows you the want and the need of the granny to get to east Tennessee.In the eyes of the reader, the use of the text to show the emotion of the grandmother is nothing short of excitement. The Grandmother is excited to start the trip. For example, The next morn the grandmother was the first one in the car, ready to go. She had her big black valise that looked like the head of a hippopotamus in one corner, and underneath it she was cover a basket with Pitty Sing, the cat, in it (OConnor 1042). When it comes to the two stories relevance to to each one other Dialogue is the link between them.Dialogue is used through-out both stories to make sure the reader understands what is going on in the story. The characters in the stories show their personalities, self-beings, and their love for one another (family wise). In A Good Man is Hard to Find, the family shows their love for each other and their personalities through the dialogue used by the author. The Grandmother starts to tell a story while the family is on the road trip. In A Conversation with My Father, the daughter and father have a relationship that is rocky.The use of subtext by the author shows a conversation between daughter and father. Once in my date there was a woman and she had a son. They lived nicely, in a small apartment in Manhattan. This boy at about fifteen became a junkie, which is not unusual in ou r neighborhood. In order to maintain her close friendship with him, she became a junkie too. She said it was part of the youth culture, with which she felt very much(prenominal) at home. After a while, for a number of reasons, the boy gave it all up and left the city and his mother in disgust.Hopeless and alone, she grieved. We all visit her (Paley 1096). This restate from the story represents the dialogue used by the author to convey a conversation being had between the father and the daughter. With this quote being in the story, the reader feels as if they are in the conversation too. The daughter and the father show their belief and love for one another even if their relationship is not the best. The father will always be her father and the daughter will always be his daughter.In Conclusion, Dialogue is one of the most powerful attributes an author can use while writing a story. It is a conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. Also, its the lines or passages in a leger that are intended to be spoken. It is a powerful tool that the author uses to show the personalities and the beliefs of the characters in the writing through words. The use of this gives the reader the belief that they are part of the story. It is used throughout stories to convey the feeling of emotions.Writers use expressions in their writing to suggest that the character(s) are having some sort of inner feeling happening Whether it be from the author inserting some of his/her own words or the character talking, this technique gives the story more of a fluent feeling. With the story A Conversation with My Father, dialogue is used sufficiently throughout the reading. This is a literary work written in the form of a conversation. This conveys that this conversation between daughter and father is continuously arguing about a topic.In the story A Good Man is Hard to Find, dialogue is used in the way so the reader visualizes what the characters are talking about. Dialogue cont ributes to the overall story to keep the reader in and aware of the moods the characters are experiencing it shows the true meaning behind the belief of the imagination. An exchange of ideas or opinions. Works Cited OConnor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. 8th ed. Boston, New York Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. 1042-53. Print. Paley, Grace. A Conversation with My Father. 8th ed. Boston, New York Bedford/St. Martins, 1999. 1096-1099. Print.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Effective Decisions

Saumya Bhattacharya expressed her thoughts on how to come up with effective decisions and how to prevent its downsides. She quoted the semen from the book of Michael J. Mauboussin, Chief Investment Strategist and a Professor of Finance at Columbia Business School, called Think TwiceHarnessing the Power of Counterintuition. Mauboussins firstborn step is to have enough knowledge in the situation that you have. This would help in making effective decisions if you are understand what you are getting into. He mentioned an example of Stephen Greenspan that confirms that sometimes it is better to be wise rather than being just intelligent.Essentially, he mentioned having a decision-making journal, that whenever you have an important decision to make, you lowlife put out the decisions you have come up, how you arrived at it, and assume what are the effects of your decisions. Changing voices especially indite was challenging. It stern be intimidating because it is not a greens way of e xpressing to us non-writers. Eventually, we have to get used to in a business writing way and even scholarly way. Both are crucial because in writing you have to consider your readers and what level of knowledge they can comprehend.Sometimes we tend to overly express our thoughts through fancy words that evanesce to deviation in the main thought, unclear message, and disorganized thoughts. To avoid this, you must be brief, use familiar vocabulary and must be logical. I can classify the differences of business writing vs. scholarly writing into three categories purpose, format, and its readers. In business writing, you are trying attain specific goal to complete a job while scholarly writing also known as academic writing that is commonly used in academic fields. It is usually establish upon research of the chosen subject.Business writing often has a brief content like memos, reports and evaluations. In academic writing, we have essays, term papers and research lab reports that ar e usually required to have extensive research and good sources. Scholarly writing can be used to support managerial writing because it is usually based on research and mostly written by experts. Sometimes you might need to have a good source that can prove your statement correct or to prove others statement wrong or vice-versa. Whether you used scholarly or business writing, as long as you keep it simple, clear, and consistent, your readers will understand what you are trying to convey.References Bhattacharya, S (March 7, 2010). HOW TO DECIDE EFFECTIVELY. Business Today, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p157-157. Retrieved from http//ehis.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=968c482b-8197-48ac-9de1-e51638e99332%40sessionmgr112&vid=2&hid=101 University of Houston-Victoria. ACADEMIC VS. BUSINESS WRITING. Retrieved from http//www.uhv.edu/ac/business/academic.aspx (July 18, 2013) Walden University (2013). SCHOLARLY WRITING. Retrieved from http//writingcenter.waldenu.edu/31 2.htm (July, 18, 2013) May, Claire and May, Gordon (2012). EFFECTIVE WRITING A HANDBOOK OF ACCOUNTANTS. One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Prentice Hall. Ask.com. Retrieved from http//www.ask.com/question/what-is-scholarly-writing (July 18, 2013)

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Danshui Plant No.2 Essay

Background Danshui was a contract manufacturer assembling electronic products in gray China. There were many manufacturers like Danshui in China assembling parts for the companies wishing to save labour party costs. Apple contracted with Danshui to assemble 2.4 million iPhones in Plant No.2 with the expected high demand of this product in 2010. As a profit center, Plant No.2 was credited for each iPhone produced and shipped. The process of assembling was daedal and required almost entirely based on handwork for more than 100 components. Danshui was confident of its workers to adapt the revolutionary tasks and extra workers could be hired and learn as needed. The iPhone 4 was the most successful product of Apple as more than 1.7 million units were sold in the first 3 days they were launched. However, the go under was operating at a loss because of the underproduction.Consequently, the controller of this plant considered preparing the new budget showing using a waxy budget syste m to make out what went wrong in their operations that contribute to the surgical process problems. Problems and issues The plant has 2 big problems in terms of budgeting system and labor force. Firstly, they were in unfavorable performance by using modular budgeting system. They were unable to meet the Apple contract, which was shortage 10% from the 200,000 targeted units, resulting in the loss of $672,000 rather than the profit of $100,000. Actually, the plant was using the standard costing system to evaluate their performance, but it was not appropriate because the comparative quantities were different (180,000 and 200,000 units). That means the essential standard costs would be overstated compared to the total actual costs. Consequently, the activities under the standard costing system were all overstated efficiency, leading to the unfavorable net income.Secondly, the lack of qualified labor force too contributed to this problem. As the assembly of iPhone 4 was extremely c omplex, this would be higher chances of errors as the assembly process was handled by different workers with different skills and working styles. This will indirectly cause a lot wastes in term of cost and time due to the carelessness and the lack of skill of the workers. The burden of the supervisors must be increase as they must learn before guiding the workers, who were almost semiskilled.Although the plant had raised the wages to 30%, they still could not increase the number of labor force needed, which also contributed to the underproduction. On the other hand, as the production line was based on handwork, the damage of 1000 flash memories in installation was unavoidable. Thus, the actual output must be 181,000 units instead of 180,000 units in their report.The replacement of the wastage had increased the cost that had led to the unfavorable variance of $389,000. When the reckless jobs had been done, the workers must use the new tools and supplies, resulting in the increase of the production costs and cause an unfavorable performance. Recommendations For the short term, I recommend Danshui to change from using the standard costing system to the flexible budget system for performance evaluation purpose. By using the flexible budget will help them to compare results with adjustable budget and the variance depth psychology will be more accurate. This system also proves the unfavorable performance caused by the variance from variable costs of $1,041,200, which can analyze and evaluate the weaknesses in controlling the variable cost which is flash memories, assembly and packaging expenses. For the long term period, they have to overcome the disadvantages from the labor forces. First of all, the plant should improve their hire policy.I recommend that they should motivate workers by setting a basic salary and offering bonus if they complete their jobs well. Secondly, the plant should provide professional teach for labors. Through training, the labors can learn how to handle with care on the parts to avoid the wastage that will happen. This solution also assists managers to place the correct labor at the correct assembly parts to reduce the labor hours but still save the materials. Thirdly, the plant could hire more skilled supervisors who will able to answer to the problems arises and know how to motivate the labor to achieve the goal.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Course Syallbus

If ultra is allthing and everywhere what exactly isnt elaboration, and do we actually need a subfield in sociology to study it if everyone is already studying It anyway? Does this grad sound confusing? Does it sound wish something youd best run away? Please dont. You need not worry. final examinatione is both the norms, values, and rituals that you celebrate and yield dearly, and the ones that you take for granted as common sense. Culture is a mental map or system that you custom to make sense of the world and your place in it. Culture is a way of life. Appeals to culture smoke be used to keep things room changing, or to change things.Culture is also stuff and nonsense objects much(prenominal) as books, movies, art, and fashion, as well as physical practices such as singing or dancing. Culture is produced and culture is consumed. This is a course about how culture -?which is both within you and all around you -works, doesnt work, and why. unavoidable Text * Wary, Matt. 2014. Cultural Sociology An Introductory Reader. New York, NY W. W. Norton. Goals and Objectives *Students leave be able to display comprehension of major theories and perspectives in the sociological study Of culture, both historical and anthropometry. Students allow be able to apply theories from these subfields to real-world settings and examples. *Students will leave the course with an analytic tool- kit for studying the role of culture in groups, organizations, fields, and societies. Student Expectations Students will pick up all scheduled meetings on time and prepared. Students will not falsify illness or wounding to themselves, family, or friends if attendance is missed. Students will complete the readings assigned before phase and to a level in which they would feel comfortable leading a group discussion.Students will not skip the reading, skim the reading, or give up on the reading if they find it initially confusing. Students will respect separately other, and our cooperative learning environment in the course. Students will not plagiarism. Instructor Expectations In agreement and in comply of your commitment to the course, I agree to be punctual and prepared to use my knowledge of sociology to work through the material with you and to be forthright, timely, and helpful in my communication and feedback.I take our time together very badly and work hard to provide opportunities within our course that will contribute to our goals, aspirations, and commitments inside and outside of CISTS. Assignments and put Breakdown Class attending and Participation You are carryed to be in class every day and be an active and vocal member of our community. You need to be here to participate, and you need to be prepared to participate well. Attendance will be taken using a sign-sheet on each day. If you were not present to sign in on the sign-in sheet, you will be considered absent for that day of class.Reading Quizzes all over the term there will be fi ve surprise reading quizzes. These will consist Of two to three short questions. Mid-Term Exam The midterm will take place in Week 6 of the course. Details will be provided in class in advance of the midterm. Final Exam The final exam will have a similar format to the mid-term. We will spend time during our choke lecture discussing the final exam. Final grades will be broken down into the following categories Class Attendance and Participation Reading Quizzes Midterm Exam Final Exam Total 15% 100% former(a) Work policy f you miss a reading quiz you will get a zero score for that weeks quiz.Your lowest reading quiz score is dropped. If you miss the midterm without advanced come upon and without an approved and excused absence your score will automatically be dropped by one earn grade. Assorted Policies having to do with Email Email Diana Miller Dianna. emailprotected Ca with questions about the course. Questions that require two sentences or less to answer will be responded to by email, which basically excludes all emails asking for substantive course material to be explained. For these types of inquiries and any other inquiries that will take longer to answer, please attend property hours or make arrangements by appointment.Diana will forward me any questions that she cannot answer. Emails will be responded to within 48 hours. If your question has not been responded to within 48 hours, please forward it to me after that period. Do not expect a response Outside of normal business hours (e. G. A question emailed on Friday night will be responded to by the end of the working day on Tuesday). What Participation Means Participation can be either positive or negative. Being attentive, engaged, and asking and answering questions about the course material are examples of positive companionship.If youre not comfortable speaking in front of the class, I encourage you to use this space to practice, but also accept that this whitethorn be an issue for you. If so, m ake sure youre prosecute in the other forms of positive participation, and not engaging in any forms of negative participation. Negative participation includes zoning out, coming late, leaving early, not paying attention, sleeping or distracting other students. If you are alive(p) negatively and I or someone else finds it distracting, Ill politely ask you to leave, and I strongly suggest you do so.Simply put, if youre too red or not ready to learn Id rather you not come to class than sleep through it or distract other students. Feedback on our Course value and seek your feedback on our course. To that end, I will distribute a mid-term evaluation near the halfway point of the course to ascertain from you anonymously. This assists me in making any necessary adjustments in my teaching practice for the rest of our time together. workable Changes to the Syllabus Every class is a bit different. As a result unforeseen problems may emerge and we may have to make adjustments to the sylla bus as we go.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Plato and Socrates Paper

Writing Assignment 1 school of thought consists of an intellectual battle of differing opinions betwixt the ideal reality and factual envisageing. Our own opinions ar a way in which were explaining physical or fantastical terms. This intellectual battle rivals between Platos philosophy, which consists of a much tweet looking sour versus more scientific philosophers as Thales, who was a more practical thinker attempting to disentangle science and magic, and dared to think about the world without first thinking of God. Osborne, p 5) If you expression deeper into this battle you see how it deals with the function of homophile universes. Plato and Socrates saw umpteen of these scientific thinkers and Sophists as being scatter-brained because of their lack of aesthetical order. The Sophists were more interested in man himself and how he behaved. In this case the basic mechanics in man doing things for himself. While Socrates was leftfield as the opponent to this Sophist way of thinking, he was more concerned with morality, discovering the honorable, true, and good.Philosophy to Socrates was more thence provided a profession of what man can do, rather a way of living in examining ones self. By even using his method of dialect and use of irony Socrates would expose false claims of wisdom to go forward towards intimacy of mans own nature, only convinced that it could be achieved through hard work. handle Socrates, Platos philosophy had the same intake that man had more to think about then just himself, rather the aim to use reasoning in thinking for themselves. Plato discusses how ideas are real, and the particular is only homely through his idea about the word horse.Plato is referring to when said something, as he said a horse, does not necessarily mean the physical animal of a horse, but more then that, more or less the idea of a horse through space and m. This theory of ideas of Plato apparently caused many philosophers to be come scatter-brai ned, in the sense that at that time many people could not look beyond the physical idea or reality of something or someone. Now though, philosophers like Plato or Socrates for instance, are looking beyond the physical reality and opening the doors to looking at a deeper meaning of life and man himself.We are starting to look at patterns of thought even beyond the physical studies, a frustration with our judgments, because we are so dependent on physical studies in the physical world. Everything changes in time and the physical does not allow us to have a universal, or consistency, even with the way we recall experiences. Knowledge is remembering or anamnesis, the soul or mind has passed through a series of incorporated and disembodied states, and the knowledge from these previous cycles needs merely to be awakened. Osborne, p 14) Plato insists that perception and experiences retain a realm of their own. Meaning, if you have an experience in the ideal world then you bring that expe rience mainstay into the physical real world of objects, and that physical world of objects changes over time. Plato distinguished the difference between style and reality in his famous simile of the cave where a man was prisoner in a cave and saw reality as what he saw in the cave, the furthest being the shadows on the walls.Once he escapes though, he sees the real world beyond the world he saw within the shadows of the caves. Although after returning back to the cave, he sees that he is more stupid then before. That man after being exposed to the real world, beyond what he knew around him, was then overwhelmed by his surroundings, then knowing he had to revert back to his simple reality world of the cave. In order to fully understand knowledge and appearances, Plato improved the theory of hypothesis, showing that if a fact didnt square with a hypothesis then a new hypothesis was needed. Osborne, p 15) There was always that constant search for a more general hypothesis, ultimatel y striving for universal truth, which explains the good. In the Republic, Plato outlines what he believes as his ideal city-state taking 3 classes the elite guardians, the soldiers, and the masses, and three structures monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy, and puts an emphasis on social mobility amongst these groups. The individual soul is divided into three, which this structure repeats itself in the state. Osborne, p 15) Plato takes his knowledge of the structure and classes within society and applies it to the individual. In order to show where in his mind people stood based on their standing in society, regarding reason, courage, and appetites. Through Platos philosophy of moving towards the abstract ideal world of thought, he attempted to solve the issue of being scatter-brained, or lack of aesthetic order. By opening up the door to looking deeper amongst the physical reality of what we know to be and into a whole new dimension into an ideal world utside of space and time, Plato gives us the ability to enable ourselves to think in the light of reason. Solving the scatter-brained lack of aesthetic order, bringing each one of us to harmony. Bibliography Osborne, Richard, and Ralph Edney. Philosophy for Beginners. New York Writers and Readers Pub. , 1992. Print. 1 . Osborne, Richard, Philosophy for Beginners, page 5. 2 . Osborne, Richard, Philosophy for Beginners, page 14. 3 . Osborne, Richard, Philosophy for Beginners, page 15. 4 . Osborne, Richard, Philosophy for Beginners, page 15.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Mba 1st Sem, Principle and Practice of Management

IIBM Institute of business Management Semester 1 Principle and Practice of focus autonomic nervous systemwer Sheet Section A Part One 1. A plan is a trap laid to capture the FUTURE. 2. STAFFING is the function of employing suitable roughlyone for the enterprise. 3. DEPARTMENTATION promoter grouping of activities & employees into department. 4. ACCEPTANCE THEORY states that re debut is the power that is accepted by others. 5. DECENTRALIZATION means dispersal of purpose-making power to the lower level of the governance. 6.MASTER CHART is the basic document of the organizational structure. 7. Communication which incline from the superior to subordinates with the help of scalar chain is known as DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION . 8. Needs for belongingness, friendship, love, affection, charge & social acceptance are SOCIAL NEEDS. 9. A management function which ensure jobs to be filled with the right people, with the right knowledge, skills & attitude is STAFFING DEFINED. 10. COUNSELING is a surgery that enables a person to sort out issues and reach to a decision affecting their life. Part Two 1). The difference among management & administration are that-establishment is the function in industry concerned with the determination of the unified policy, the co-ordination of finance, production and distribution whereas Management is the function concerned with the execution of policy within the limits setup by administration. Thus, administration is markulation of policies and is a determinative function while management is execution of policies and is an executive function. Administration involves the overall setting of major objectives determination ofpolicies, identifying of general purposes laying down broad programmes etcetera hile management is the active direction of human efforts with a view to getting this done. 2). The common drawbacks of the chaste and the neo classical theories of management are listed below- i) Both the theories had cer tain unrealistic assumptions and hence were non applicable to the disposal at a later date. ii) Both the theories had limited application, the formats and structures of memorial tablets are not universal in two the theories. There is no grouchy structure which may serve the purpose of all the organisations.They likewise set down some of the environmental constraints which managers cannot ignore and this lapse makes the practicability of the theory limited. iii) Lack of Unified Approach The theories want the unified approach of an organisation. 3). puff Organisation is the oldest form of an organisation. This is known by different means, i. e. , military, vertical, scalar and departmental. completely other typewrites of organisation structure have mostly been modifications of the line organisation. The concept of the line organisation holds that in any organisation derived from a scalar process, at that place must be a single channel who commands it.Although an executive can delegate function, he has ultimate responsibility for results. According to some writer Line structure consists of the direct vertical relationship which connect the positions and tasks of each level with those above and below it, and some others say organisationally, the line is the chain of command that extends from the board of directors with the various delegations and re-delegations of authority and responsibility to the acid where the primary activities of the enterprise are performed. 4).Acceptance theory is a theory which states that authority is the power that is accepted by others. Formal authority is reduced to nominal authority if it is not accepted by the subordinates. The subordinates accept the authority if the advantages to be derived by its acceptance exceed the disadvantages resulting from its refusal. The subordinates give obedience to the mangers beca commit they visualise the following advantages- i) Receipt of financial incentives. ii) Contribution in attaining the objectives of the enterprise. iii) Fulfilment of responsibilities. v) Appreciation from colleagues. v) Setting of an eccentric for others. vi) Responsibility to leadership of superior. vii) Moral financial obligation because of regard for old age, experience, competence, etc. According to acceptance theory, authority flows from bottom to top. A manager has authority if he gets obedience from the subordinates. Subordinates obey the managers because of the fear of losing financial rewards. This theory emphasises sanctions that a manager can use and overlooks the influence of social institutions like trade unions. Section B- Case let 1Q1) Critically fail Mr. Vincents reasoning. Ans Mr. Vincent was a favourable and successful manager but he followed the traditional type of management skills, and that is why he was not unsuccessful. But when he was taught of many other ways of managements he started to think that he should only know it for the test because he was confi dent thinking that whatever he knows is enough as he was successful, but he was wrong because with other skills applications he could have not only been successful but could also grow his organisation and take it to the top of his competitors.He could make an extend in the profit of his organisation and save the wastes as much as possible. Being an manager he should have always been innovative in his ideas of management but he was going the other way, eve though his professor was teaching him new thought he was busy thinking that he leave alone stick to his old way of planning, organising and controlling approach to manage his store. Q2) If you were the professor and you knew what was going through Vincents mind, what would you say to Vincent?Ans If I was the professor and knew what was going through Vincents mind then I would have explained him the concept again but this time the other way giving him his own example and then make him heart the lacking part of his successful ma nagement career making him feel that his thought were also correct put old enough and needed to be updated according to the involve of the environment today.I would have told him that with modernization he should become innovative too and that not only planning, organising and controlling are steps of successful management but it could also be thought of as decimal models, system theory and analysis, and hitherto something called contingency relationship, so that he could implement many other theories and regularitys in his process of managing his job, so that he should not only be successful but Also that his organisation should grow and give trusty competition to the other organisations around him and so that he could make good and proper use of his available resources.Case Let 2 Q1). Diagnose the fuss and enumerate the reason for the ill of DCuhna? Ans DCuhna was a good professional executive but being good and equal sometimes might go against ones self only.The problem w ith DCuhna was that he was going to quickly in his work and not giving others time to catch up, everyone knew that he was selected because of his experience, understate and abilities but he should also understand that he was the part of an organisation which was new and not even fully trained for the work so how could they work at his speed and expectations, the problem with DCuhna was that he being an old executive should know that in an organisation there human beings and that they are wound up in nature so he should not treat everyone i. . male and female rungs in the analogous manner, he had no right to scold someone on account of others pending work, because it was his duty to contain that if someone is on sick leave he should re home plate that position temporarily, but DCuhna did not do so and went on to scold the female staff. When he was cross answered by the female staff for the first time then only he should have understood her emotional nature and talked to the hig her(prenominal) authority for suggestions. Q2). What could DCuhna have done to avoid the situation in which he set in motion himself?Ans If at the very beginning only DCuhna had looked into the matter as why the female clerk was submitting nil returns and after knowing it if he would have filled the vacant officers place with a temporary staff then the matter would not have been raised higher, later when the gentlewoman clerk was cross answering him then instead of firing her and scolding her if DCuhna had gone and verbalise to the higher authorities regarding the matter then planned and taken any step to solve the problem and then taken any strict action then also DCuhna could have found himself out of this trouble.Even after all this had happened if DCuhna had apologised to the lady staff and then explained her politely then also some chances were there for him to get out of this trouble which he had created for himself, as ladies are very emotional in nature and like politene ss. But after all what had been done and finally the only plectron for him to get out of all this was to quit as he did. Section C Q1) What is training? let off the different method of training?Ans Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job, traditionally training had focused on technical and mechanical skills. Training has to focus also on interpersonal and social skills, on listening, on control over body language, on communication and presentation skills, etc. The different method of training is as follows- i) Case Method This method can be said to be midway between learn by doing and learn by listening. In this method the trainees get a descriptive record in the form of a case. The participants, have chance to run across themselves as one or another person in the case ii) Incident Process irrelevant the case method the incident is also a brief statement of an event or a situation. Additional data is event or a situa tion. Additional data is made available in response to specific questions from the participants. iii) Lecture Method This is a very popular method. The lecture is actively intricate while the participants are largely passive. v) Business games In business games, the participants may form into groups of three or four, each groups would be given data about plant capacities, material costs, availability of materials, cost of carrying inventories, etc. and based on the occurrence provided to the participants they have to make decisions simulating situations which arise in business organisation form time to time. v) Role Playing In this method different participants are given details and fact of a character about its past and are told to act like it. Q2) Explain Decision qualification Process of an organization?Ans Decision-making Management process involves decision making at all levels. Decision-making describes the process by which a course of action is selected as the way to deal w ith a specific problem. If there is only one alternative, the question of decision making does not arise. The quality of alternatives which a manger selects determines the organizations performance, and the future of the organization. The decision making process of an organization are listed below- * Setting objectives keen decision-making involves a concrete goal of objectives.So the first step in decision-making is to know ones objectives. * lore of the problem Perception involves delimit and recognising the problem in a clear-cut manner. * Analysing the problem After defining the problem, the next step in decision-making is analysing it. The problem should be thoroughly analysed to find out adequate scope information and data relating to the situation. * Developing alternative solutions After analysing a problem, with the help of relevant information, the decision-maker should formulate some(prenominal) alternative solutions for the problem. Screening the alternatives After developing various alternatives, the next stepshould be to judge and evaluate them through some decision criteria. * Selecting the best solution After evaluation of various alternatives, the nextstep is the selection of the best solution. * Implementing the decision After taking the final decision the next problem isto put decision into effect. * Feedback and Control The populate step in the process of a right decision is to follow up the decision.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Green buildings, global warming and clean energy Essay

Mans failure to act today could exit in an unsustainable planet characterized by warmer temperatures that whitethorn snowball out of control, it would lead to extinction of authorized animal species, an increase in sea levels thus causing more(prenominal) natural disasters such as hurricanes or numerous diseases, less body of water availability in ordinal humanness countries thus lead to conflicts amongst them and the spread of tropical diseases such as malaria. (Mc Carthy, 2001) Consequently, it is incumbent upon man to establish shipway in which he can reduce ball-shaped modify.This can be achieved by using the right kind of force i. e. wanton energy since this is responsible for emission of parkhouse gases which vitrine global warming. The paper shall dwell on how man can achieve the latter through cat valium buildings. II. Claim of concomitant A) The major occupation being tackled is that of global warming. Studies go through shown that the center of green h ouse gases found in the strain scarper to stay there for a genuinely long clock. This subject return that global w is a rough-cut reality that may non disappear without human intervention. (Schneider, 2002) 1) Increased diseases and disastersFirstly, the phenomenon of global warming is overtaking to contract warmer climates in the northwardern parts of the world such as the United States. Consequently, vectors such as mosquitoes go away increase tremendously. This implies that diseases such as malaria may start appearing in such countries. The future tense generation of Americans has a right to be protected from such a predicament because trustworthy occupants did not have to deal with such a problem. One tho has to look at how some third world countries are having a difficult time handling this matter in order to actualize the seriousness of the issue.Meteorological forecasts have shown that if the universe gets warmer, oceans and opposite water bodies exit keep o n rising. This means that the occurrence of hurricanes will be often more than it had been previously imagined. In 2004 and 2005, the field was plagued with very evil hurricanes that caused tremendous damage to concerned parties. Since there is a possibility of pr even outting such occurrences, then individuals must stock up out their responsibility of ensuring that it is ordained. (Godrej, 2001) One of the worst outcomes of this problem of global warming is ex be givened periods of droughts and prolonged lovingness waves.A number of countries in the world still depend on natural rain entirely to grow their crops and as sources of water. These third world countries currently face the problem of water shortage and the daub could get worse if droughts keep occurring. Such situations could cause a strain among usurped communities thus tether to conflicts or war. These developing nations have provided Americans with numerous investment opportunities and any problem that turn o uts in those regions could tremendously affect individuals at bottom the US. (Nordhaus, 1998)2) Economic consequences If there will be more disasters occurring in the world, then wiz cannot break the economic consequences that the US itself will be grappling with. The hurricanes in New Orleans caused losses amounting to billions of dollars. The region cannot afford more disasters such as these because its economy will begin dumfounding in ways that had not been anticipated. The loss of lives and property among future generations could ruin their economy and it is therefore negligent for current citizens to exactly sit by without doing something about it.In close relation to the latter mentioned scenario is the emergence of tropical diseases. underdeveloped nations spend so much money treating such diseases. Additionally, the lives lost as a result cause huge dents in their economy. The same thing could happen to the United States and other western nations if zero point is thr ough today. (Van Arsdol, 2004) 3) Melting meth caps Lastly, the problem of global warming can and has caused thawing of field glass caps that could lead to other consequences as shown below a) Rising sea levels b) Global outbalancec) Endanger plant and animal vitality d) Snowballing temperatures If global warming continues unabated, then chances are that frosting caps will keep melting and the excess water will head to the oceans and seas. Currently, glaciers and permanent snow account for five point seven million blockish miles worth of water. If even some portions of this ice were to melt into water, then seas and oceans could rally by dozens of feet. Since this may occur gradually, then chances are that those low attitude regions will be ruined by this. (Clout, 2008)If ice caps continue melting, then chances are that the eco frame as we know it today would be thoroughly messed up. This is largely because ice caps emanate from fresh water. If they are redirected into the sea , then the sea would loose its saltiness thus leading to a distortion of gulf currents. What this means is that ocean currents will change temperature conditions within Western Europe and North America. This means that organisms that had become accustomed to those temperatures will no longer survive in such unseemly conditions.Melting ice caps will affect animal and plant life owing to the fact that these creatures will have new climatic conditions. Since not all life can change at such a fast pace or in accordance to present circumstances, then chances are that only the most adaptable will remain. This means that so many species may become extinct. Future generations will never get a chance to see such life or benefit from them. fruitcake cap melting can cause snowballing temperatures because ice caps are important sunlight reflectors in the world today.If they are reduced, then chances are that only the oceans will be able to reflect off sunlight. However, compared to ice caps, o ceans are much darker in color yet dark colors tend to do more absorption that reflection. This implies that the earth will keep getting warmer, more ice caps will keep melting and the cycle continues. (Maslin, 2004) B) Demographics of the study The latter study will focus on the United States as the firsthand geographical region. However, some generalizations applicable to the rest of the world will besides be done.In call of corrective actions, the study will target some of the things that The United States citizenry can enact in order to curb this problem. Consequently, the research will focus on some of the changes that persons from all ages can enact in order to deal with such the problem of global warming. Since the highest numbers of buildings are found in cities, then this research will target Metropolitan areas within the country. III. Claim of value If man does not take action now, then chances are that global arming will exert a heavier tinct on him.The situation can spiral out of control and this harms people who may not have caused it in the first place. For instance, persons in the third world produce minor fractions of carbon emission to the atmosphere but will be the first to feel the incumbrances of droughts and other natural disasters. Global warming regards to be taken as a personal responsibility by all members of humanity. It is a known fact that the one of the greatest pollutants within this age is man. He has the ability to make advised decisions that do not just benefit him alone but his surroundings as well. (Holton et al, 2003) A.Description of my burden 1) It is mans personal responsibility It would be selfish to live for only today without opinion about how future generations would survive. If this earths forefathers had taken up the same attitude, then current generations would not have been alive today. Part of mans responsibility is to ensure that he makes the earth sustainable for himself and his descendants too. (Lange et al, 2008) The latter view is one held by environmentalists and other individuals interested in preserving the environment. Part of what constitutes moral philosophy in man is his concern for his surroundings.If every single individual lived for himself or herself, then the world would be a chaotic place. Additionally, it has been argued that failure to take action today could lead to a great amount of risk. While some parties hold that global warming is not a real concept, the effects that could a renegade if the phenomenon was not real are still quite positive. The country and indeed the world would have much more to loose if it turns out that global arming is real and nothing was done about it earlier than if it turns out that it was not real and something was done about it.2) It would be costly to the economy In a report released by the UNEP during the year 2001, it had been asserted that not doing anything about global warming could cost the country up to two hundred bill ion dollars worth of revenue. The consultants who attended the latter conference asserted that this could rise to five hundred or one thousand billion dollars in subsequent years. If man may not be moved by the environmental issues that are affecting him, then perhaps these staggering economic figures could be shakier. 3) Whether it is a natural or man made processes is irrelevantThe truth of the matter is that man has the ability to alter a natural process since this natural process is negative. Regardless of the fact that global warming may be a natural or artificial process, a rise in temperature will destabilize the environment. This means that biodiversity will decrease and so will food production. The current rising worlds will not be sustained by their food production efforts and this could be very disastrous as it could cause millions of death. The latter scenario can even be compared to a practical occurrence.If one was to find out today that he or she was going to die, th en it would not make moxie to find out whether that death is due to natural or man made causes. All that authentically matters is that the person gets some help to prevent the death from occurring. Opponents of global warming may claim that this is nothing but a natural process. However, whether or not it is a natural process does not change the negative effects that it could cause to man. It is therefore essential to under balk that such a global system can be altered for the betterment of society. B.Description of counter claims to this value 1) Right wing politicians and industrialists stand point Other groups claim that global warming effects are not as unseemly as some people may claim. In fact such attitudes have infiltrated into political decisions within the Country. During the past presidential regime, the United States has been one of the least enthusiastic western countries in terms of its environmental sustainability policies. Some politicians call up that the country ought to dwell on more pressing issues such as the need for energy security.Consequently, such individuals have assented projects that increase carbon emissions in the atmosphere with little regard for the effect that this may have on the earths climatic conditions. In the US, industry lobbyists tend to gibe the views held by environmentalists and their actions are usually supported by right wing politicians. Traditionally, left wing politicians tend to be concerned about the overall good of society while right wing leaders tend to concentrate on building a capitalist economy.These perspectives have often led to a locking of horns when it comes to environmental issues such as global warming. (OHare, 2005) 2) Lack of hard facts Some skeptics claims that global warming as a phenomenon still leaves so many questions unanswered. They assert that there is a lack of make evidence to show that these effects will actually occur. In fact, some maintain that most effects are mere forecasts . In close relation to the latter angle is the fact that some scientists believe that global warming is a way in which the earth can balance off authorized excesses.For instance, while temperatures may be going up in other parts of the world as a result of the phenomenon, others in the North East American region will be going down thus showing that the system will balance itself out. Adherents to this theory claim maintain that when an anomaly occurs such as a hurricane, then this will be labeled as a penning of evidence by environmentalists. These opponents further add that global warming enthusiasts tend to disregard contrary occurrences even when this is representative of common weather patterns.For instance, a study conducted along US coast lines some time in 2006 found that greater death rates have been recorded there because of increased population and wealth in these coastal towns and not as a result of greater intensities of the hurricane or as a result of global warming for that matter. Also, some scientists believe that the earths rising temperatures could be as result of coming out of the ice age. (Hardy, 2003)In other words, they claim that it is very normal for earth temperatures to increase since this is just a phase. 3) Business mens stance on the matterA certain crop of individuals are not as enthusiastic as environmentalists when it comes to global warming. These individuals are business community whose work entails emission of carbon particles. The latter are required to invest heavily in green strategies that may cost their businesses a lot of revenue. Most of these business men tend to look for ways in which they can circumvent such obligations and one way in which they do this is by claiming that global warming effects are not that prevalent or they do not exists. They therefore posses subterranean motives in holding such a point of view.(Allaby, 2004) IV. Claim of policy A) Methodological plan to work the problem The problem of glob al warming can be solved by embracing clean energy through the use of green buildings. Focus is on the United States because the latter country is at the centre of the world economy and its initiatives can serve as an example to other countries of the world that also need to embrace this fact. The latter country needs to pass legislations for designated residential and commercial houses to be green buildings. Statistics on the need for green buildings indicate the following

Friday, May 17, 2019

Bloom, Gardner and Gauge

Gagne introduced pedagogyal design that should center on antithetical delivery methods. Benjamin pinnacle at around the same time discovered that educational activities were divided into three domains. Clark, 1999) Later Howard Gardner accomplished the theory that instead of all intelligence creation the same, each(prenominal) person was blessed with trengths in different atomic number 18as. Each of these three educational theorists had a huge impact on educational practices. Though each theorist had a distinct theory, all seem to address the idea that students be not make from the same cookie cutter mold, and teaching should be ad fittinged accordingly. Robert Gagne Robert Gagne differentiated, Learning is something that takes place inside a persons head-in the brain. (Robert Gagne, 2005) Robert Gagne proposed on that point were many different ways to learn. There are five major(ip) categories of learning intellectual, cognitive, motor, verbal, and attitudes. In golf club for each type of learning to occur, ertain conditions must be in place. His theory was named Conditions of Learning afterwards this particular idea. Additionally, depending on the objective, specific tasks must be followed in order to meet the objective. When referring to the five major categories of learning, Gagne spends quite a bit of time discussion the intellectual category.He specified that tasks that require intellectual expertness could be structured in a hierarchy according to complexity. (Kearsley, 2005, p. 1) The implication of using the hierarchy is to notice fundamentals that must be completed in order to produce lucky earning. Another raise idea Gagne propounds is Task Analysis. To do this, the accomplished, if the instructor follows a set task analysis, the students chance of being successful is greatly enhanced. Gagne stated thither are nine steps in a task analysis, instructional design, which must be present. (Kearsley, 2005, p. ) There are, in order, Gainin g attention (reception), informing learners of the objective (expectancy), stimulating recall of preliminary learning (retrieval), presenting the stimulus (selective perception), providing learning guidance (semantic encoding), eliciting performance responding), providing feedback (reinforcement), assessing performance (retrieval), enhancing retention and transfer (generalization). (Kearsely, 2005, p. l) This can be viewed as a framework for any instructors lesson plan, and interestingly enough looks like the traditional Madeline Hunter fabric of instructional design.Benjamin Bloom Benjamin Bloom stated, The purpose of education is to change the thoughts feelings and actions of students. (Benjamin Bloom, 2005, p. 1) Bloom revolutionized education with his taxonomy, which state that in order for learning to occur each lower level must be get the hang before moving up to the next level. The levels are in ascending order are knowledge, application, misgiving, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. He as well as found that 95% of the try on questions students encounter requires them to think only at the lowest thinkable level he recall of information. (Blooms Taxonomy, n. d. , p. 1) Instructors are encouraged to build into their lessons each level of the taxonomy in order to promote a greater mastery of the objective. Many educators, when reading Blooms taxonomy, assume that they must always nurture questions and activities, which are geared towards analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Unfortunately, they do not understand Bloom well. The lower levels such as knowledge, application, and understanding must be mastered before using the higher three levels.Logically, the student must suck up knowledge of the information, understanding of it, and be able to apply it before he or she is able to crush the information. In addition to the cognitive domain, Bloom also identified the affective and psychomotor domains as evenly valuable. The affective domain is how pot deal with information emotionally. This domain is particularly useful when explaining insight. Insight allows people to have inspiration and a-ha moments. Confucius best describes the psychomotor domain, l hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. (Confucius Quotes, 2005, p. 1) These basic motor skills are mastered with repetitive practice. Howard Gardner Howard Gardner challenged the view that there was only one type of levels of multiple intelligences. He also argued that intelligence is the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural settings. (Gardner & Hatch, 1989 as cited by Smith, 2002, p. 4). Gardener listed (Smith, 2002) seven separate intelligences. They are linguistic, transparent/mathematical, musical, spatial, interpersonal, intra personal, and kinesthetic.Recently he has suggested that naturalist be added to the list. Linguistic and logical intelligences are most valued and therefore rewarde d by educators. IQ and state tests generally test these ii intelligences. Gardner proposes (Smith, 2002) discovering each childs intelligences and fostering them rather than stifling them which is often the case. Gardner encourages instructors to break knocked out(p) of the mold of formal education. take aim doesnt have to be the way we remember it, Gardner stated. Teachers Should Diversify Approaches to Teaching, Gardner says, n. d. , p. ) When information is presented in multiple formats, children have a greater chance for success. (Teachers Should Diversify Approaches to Teaching, Gardner says, n. d. ) Theoretical Differences The three theorists who have Just been introduced have many ideas, which are the same. Chief among them is the idea that intelligence can no longer be defined as being the same for everyone. Each theorist, though they worded it differently, each proposed that differentiated instruction is necessary to a students success in school. Both Bloom and Gagne co mbined that there are cognitive, affective and psychomotor intelligences.Gardner agreed that those three intelligences existed, unless he took it a step further adding four more intelligences into the mix. . All three theorists acknowledge that there is a certain intelligence, which is rewarded in education. In fact, both Bloom and Gardner acknowledge the fact that most instructors test the intellectual or linguistic/logical intelligences almost exclusively. However, all three theorists differ on a few points. First, Gagne suggests that there is a definitive method to conduct instruction. His list of instructional events is rigid and methodic.Gagne points out that strict adherence to the events will increase the likelihood of success. Additionally, Gagne assumes that external instructional learning conditions support familiar learning conditions. (Maeir, n. d. , p. l) Gagne had suggested that there was a hierarchical order to learning types, not intelligence. Bloom did not compr ise too much on intelligence as much as how learning was presented. He postulated that instruction should be built on a hierarchy of mastery. Goal attainment was far more important than comparing a students intelligence.Kinnes, 2005) Gardner suggests that differentiating the instruction to fit each separate intelligence is much more practiced to the student. He also propounds that if a student is strong in musical intelligence, he or she should be allowed to work solely on that intelligence. Current Practice in my classroom. Before this assignment, I was unaware of Gagnes Conditions of Learning. Upon researching Gagne, I discovered that his theory was eerily close to Madeline Hunters Essential Elements of Instruction model. Gagnes theory reflects good teaching practice.I capacity not follow them to the letter on a daily basis, but I do ollow a set pattern. When planning for a lesson, I frequently reference Blooms Taxonomy as a guide. Blooms idea of construct attainment is one that I firmly believe in and use. It is ludicrous to suggest that instructors should teach a lesson with no idea of what students should walk away with at the end of a lesson. However, many teachers do just that when they instruct. They cite time pressures as an excuse not to plan a lesson. I find that I am most effective when I plan with the end in mind. Both the students and I are more focused on the goal or objective.In addition to teaching eventh grade science, I also teach induction week classes on Madeline Hunters Essential Elements of Instruction. The lesson I am most passionate approximately is writing and teaching to effective objectives. I frequently endeavor to apply Gardners theory of multiple intelligences in my science classroom. I give multiple ways for students to answer and solve problems. For instance, students are given choices on how to do their vocabulary. They can draw the meaning of the word, or summarize the definition. I build into the hour opportunities for st udents to social movement around, act out theories, build something, or take otes.When children are in my classroom, they know that the traditional dormant reception and regurgitation of facts is not the norm, and enjoy the class as a result because it addresses their different intelligences. culmination Intelligence as defined by the dictionary as The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge, particularly toward a purposeful goal. An individuals relative standing on two quantitative indices, namely measured intelligence, as expressed by an intelligence quotient, and effectiveness of adaptive behavior. (Lexico Publishing Group, LLC, 2005, p. Although the three theorists, Gagne, Bloom, and Gardner viewed intelligence differently, they all agree that the teacher is the decision maker in the classroom, and ultimately decides how to apply their theories for student success. Referenceshttps//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Bloomhttps//www.iup.edu/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=25837ht tps//www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/c/confucius136802.htmlhttp//www.nwlink.com/donclark/hrd/bloom.htmlhttp//www.dictionary.com/http//www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/conditions-learning.htmlhttp//health.usf.edu/medicine/educationalaffairs/pace_files/TIP_Theories.htmlhttps//www.pdx.edu/sba/http//weac.org/